郊区大型居住区邻里关系与社会空间再生——以北京回龙观为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从社会空间的视角研究邻里关系是城市社会地理学的重要课题。本文利用针对北京回龙观居民的问卷调查数据,并结合质性研究方法,探讨了郊区大型居住区的邻里关系及其与郊区社会空间再生的有机联系。作为典型的郊区大型居住区,回龙观的邻里交往较为浅层化但居民具有较高的交往意愿,邻里互助情况较少但具有很强的互助意愿,居民整体责任意识、社区参与和维权意识强烈。入住小区初期的集体采购、日常生活中的维权和文体活动、“童子军”外交和依托社区网的互动方式使居民相互之间维持了较好的邻里关系。邻里关系与居民受教育程度、入住小区时间长度及有无互助经历等因素相关。对社区形成起到更直接作用的是居民在社会生活方面的互动,这种互动基于实体物理空间和虚拟空间提供的平台,以及通过固化居民间的联系而萌生社区文化。回龙观居民在脱离原居住地社会关系网络背景下,通过邻里关系在郊区大型居住区构建了新的社会关系,改善了郊区社会空间的破碎化状况,促使社会空间再生。

关键词: 邻里关系, 郊区大型居住区, 社区, 社会空间再生, 社会—空间辩证法, 北京回龙观

Abstract:

This article observes the social space established by relationships inside a certain zone via the exploration of neighborhood relationship, analyzes the territoriality and relationality of a community, and discusses the dialectical unification between social space and all other relationships. By random sampling and qualitative interview, the survey investigated the situation of neighborhood acquaintance dropping in, mutual assistance, conflict, and community identity perception. Huilongguan community represents a typical urban neighborhood, characterized by de-familiarization between neighbors and superficial human association. The TIES model constructed on these features and restricted the neighborhood relationship, consists of the factors of Time, Intention, Event, and Space. It is found that as a new community gradually expanding and developing, Huilongguan boasts relatively harmonious relationships and interactions between the residents and a strong community identity perception, which are very special and reflect the return of traditional community features. Through an analysis of the formation process of Huilongguan community, this study examines the establishment and maintaining mechanism of "a new community", which contains five steps based on time sequence. The creation of a real community needs a certain region and various mechanisms and events. The organic unity relationship between residents plays the dominant role. Space provides an indispensable foundation and the relationships meanwhile shape social space. When residents of a community actively participate in various community activities and fight for their rights, and regard the community as their joint homes, good relationships among neighbors and strong sense of community will be formed and the special mosaic social space structure will be produced. New communications technologies produce new community forms—people can cross community boundaries, even reach the global range to build social relations and social groups, which make global area become a large village

Key words: neighborhood relations, large suburban residential area, community, regeneration of social space, socio-spatial dialectic, Huilongguan in Beijing

冯健, 吴芳芳, 周佩玲. 郊区大型居住区邻里关系与社会空间再生——以北京回龙观为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(3): 367-377.

Jian FENG, Fangfang WU, Peiling ZHOU. Neighborhood relations and the regeneration of social space in large suburban communities: A case study of Huilongguan in Beijing[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(3): 367-377.

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认识邻居数目	所有邻居样本数/个	百分比/%	单纯邻居样本数/个	百分比/%
0	40	7.89	90	17.75
1~3	58	11.44	83	16.37
4~6	79	15.58	69	13.61
7~10	123	24.26	108	21.30
11~15	29	5.72	31	6.11
16~20	71	14.00	45	8.88
21~30	38	7.50	25	4.93
31~50	27	5.33	24	4.73
51~100	22	4.34	18	3.55
101~	20	3.94	14	2.76
总计	507	100.00	507	100.00

同一楼层了解情况	样本数 /个	比例 /%	登门拜访或串门	样本数 /个	比例 /%
非常了解	46	8.83	经常来往	45	8.64
了解基本	285	54.70	偶尔串访	240	46.07
一无所知	190	36.47	互不往来	236	45.30
总计	521	100.00	总计	521	100.00

邻里关系	样本数	比例/%	邻里交往意愿	样本数	比例/%
和睦	251	48.18	和他聊起来	395	76.55
一般	225	43.19	随便敷衍两句	67	12.98
冷淡	45	8.64	根本不理	9	1.74
			看情况	45	8.72
总计	521	100.00	总计	516	100.00

所有对象类型	首先寻求帮助对象		寻求帮助的对象
所有对象类型	样本数	比例/%	样本数	比例/%
亲属	236	46.00	353	68.81
同事同学	64	12.48	283	55.17
朋友	108	21.05	365	71.15
邻居	22	4.29	168	32.75
物业	76	14.81	233	45.42
其他	7	1.37	23	4.48
总计	513		1425

参加情况	样本数	比例/%	知晓活动途径	样本数	比例/%	参加意愿	样本数	比例/%
知道*参加	127	23.92	邻居介绍	74	18.97	会*认识邻居	128	25.45
知道*没参加	190	35.78	居委会通知	199	51.03	会*凑凑热闹	152	30.22
不知道	214	40.30	网上获知	77	19.74	不会*没兴趣	109	21.67
			其他	40	10.26	不会*没时间	114	22.66
总计	531	100.00	总计	390	100.00	总计	503	100.00