城市生态空间研究进展与展望

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市生态空间是城市空间的重要组成部分,是跨人文地理学、城市规划、生态学等的交叉研究领域。本文基于国内外相关文献的全面分析,界定了城市生态空间的概念,总结了国内城市生态空间研究进展和局限,指出国外研究在城市生态空间对居民福祉作用与机理,生态空间感知、使用行为及其影响因素,生态空间的经济与社会文化影响及其机理,生态空间治理方法与原理,公平理念指引下生态空间格局及其优化等5个方面取得重要进展。在研究方法上,注重空间分析、心理感知与社会调查等多方法的应用。基于国内研究局限,借鉴国外研究进展,提出中国城市生态空间应以居民福祉为核心,重视加强社会—生态空间的交互关系与机理研究,推进生态空间格局公平性及其规划模式研究,加强城市生态空间的空间治理与优化调控研究;在研究方法上,应注重融入人文—经济地理研究思想及其综合方法。

关键词: 城市化地区, 生态空间, 国内研究, 国外研究, 展望

Abstract:

Urban ecological space is a main part of urban space, which is the interdisciplinary research topic in the urban planning, ecology and geography domain. Based on the analysis of literature related to urban ecological space(UES) home and abroad, the paper defined the urban ecological space and summarized the advance and limitations of domestic studies, pointed out that the foreign studies made important progresses in the effects of UES on residents' well-being and its mechanism, the UES perception, use behaviors and its influencing factors, economic and socio-cultural impacts of UES, UES governance methods and principles, UES pattern and optimization guided by social justice concept. In addition, humanistic approaches were applied widely. Accordingly, the paper proposed that future researches should focus on residents' well-being and pay more attention to social-ecological interaction and its mechanism, and the governance of public available UES, promote UES pattern and planning research guided by the concept of justice. At the same time, the application of multidisciplinary cross methods (such as humanism and behaviorism methods) should be strengthened.

Key words: urbanized area, urban ecological space, domestic studies, foreign studies, research prospect

王甫园, 王开泳, 陈田, 李萍. 城市生态空间研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(2): 207-218.

Fuyuan WANG, Kaiyong WANG, Tian CHEN, Ping LI. Progress and prospect of research on urban ecological space[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(2): 207-218.

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概念	常见内涵	与本文界定的生态空间的异同
城市生态用地	广义：常指凡是具有生态系统服务功能(生态环境调节、生物支持等)的生态单元(彭建等, 2015);狭义：一般不以经济效益为主要目标,因而排除了农业用地(俞孔坚等, 2009)	生态空间定义等同于广义的生态用地的概念
城市绿色空间	广义：是城市里唯一的自然或半自然的土地利用状态(杨振山, 2015);狭义：只包含绿色开敞空间	生态空间定义等同于广义的城市绿色空间的概念
城市绿地	广义：是指以自然植被和人工植被为主要存在形态的城市绿化用地(何梅等,2010);狭义：指绿化地段,区别于公园	城市绿地为城市生态空间的一种
城市公园	城市公园是位于城市范围之内经专门规划建设的绿地,供居民观赏、休息、保健和娱乐等,以游憩为其主要功能	城市公园属于城市绿地的一种重要类型

研究内容	研究方法
生态空间文献和基础理论剖析	内容分析法、Citespace计量分析法
生态系统服务价值评估	生态系统服务价值当量法、综合指标法
生态用地需求测算	经验判定法、生态系统服务法、空间格局法、情景模拟法
生态空间格局及其演变	景观生态格局分析法、景观梯度分析法、突变级数法、层次结构指标体系、线性光谱混合模型、夜间灯光数据法、GIS空间分析(缓冲分析、叠加分析、网络分析)、景观指数分析法、生态因子法
生态空间/用地评价	AHP-Delphi法、市场调查法、植被覆盖指数法(NDVI)
生态空间规划与管控	经验归纳法、演绎法、生态评价法
生态空间使用公平性	演绎法、可达性分析法

研究主题	研究方法
生态空间价值评价	数理统计法(结构方程模型等)、条件价值评估(contingent valuation)、图片法、焦点小组法、手段目的链、公园特征分析法、健康规划和设计法、体验评价法、社会单元图谱法、社会价值图谱法
生态空间与居民福祉	行为分析、GIS空间分析、数理统计法(面板数据模型等)、标准化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)、元分析、流行病学研究、医学检测法(皮质醇测度)、对比研究法(2×2因子实验设计)
生态空间感知和使用行为	数理统计法(因子分析、回归分析等)、半结构访谈、GIS空间分析、人种志研究、观察法、内容分析法、游客受雇拍照法(visitor employed photography)
生态空间格局	遥感分析、GIS空间分析(叠加分析等)、访谈法和案例研究法、景观指数、梯度分析、样带分析、情景模拟、社会网络分析
城市生态空间规划与治理	图片法、行动研究法(the action research)、社会网络分析、焦点小组、文档分析(规划文件)、3-D虚拟模拟
生态空间影响	贝叶斯网法、社会调查法、数理统计法