地理科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 207-218.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.02.007
王甫园1,2,3(), 王开泳1,2,*(
), 陈田1,2, 李萍1,2,3
出版日期:
2017-02-20
发布日期:
2017-02-20
通讯作者:
王开泳
作者简介:
作者简介:王甫园(1988-),男,湖南新化人,博士研究生,研究方向为城市游憩与城市地理,E-mail:
基金资助:
Fuyuan WANG1,2,3(), Kaiyong WANG1,2,*(
), Tian CHEN1,2, Ping LI1,2,3
Online:
2017-02-20
Published:
2017-02-20
Contact:
Kaiyong WANG
Supported by:
摘要:
城市生态空间是城市空间的重要组成部分,是跨人文地理学、城市规划、生态学等的交叉研究领域。本文基于国内外相关文献的全面分析,界定了城市生态空间的概念,总结了国内城市生态空间研究进展和局限,指出国外研究在城市生态空间对居民福祉作用与机理,生态空间感知、使用行为及其影响因素,生态空间的经济与社会文化影响及其机理,生态空间治理方法与原理,公平理念指引下生态空间格局及其优化等5个方面取得重要进展。在研究方法上,注重空间分析、心理感知与社会调查等多方法的应用。基于国内研究局限,借鉴国外研究进展,提出中国城市生态空间应以居民福祉为核心,重视加强社会—生态空间的交互关系与机理研究,推进生态空间格局公平性及其规划模式研究,加强城市生态空间的空间治理与优化调控研究;在研究方法上,应注重融入人文—经济地理研究思想及其综合方法。
王甫园, 王开泳, 陈田, 李萍. 城市生态空间研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(2): 207-218.
Fuyuan WANG, Kaiyong WANG, Tian CHEN, Ping LI. Progress and prospect of research on urban ecological space[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(2): 207-218.
表1
城市生态空间与其他相关概念的比较"
概念 | 常见内涵 | 与本文界定的生态空间的异同 |
---|---|---|
城市生态用地 | 广义:常指凡是具有生态系统服务功能(生态环境调节、生物支持等)的生态单元( | 生态空间定义等同于广义的生态用地的概念 |
城市绿色空间 | 广义:是城市里唯一的自然或半自然的土地利用状态( | 生态空间定义等同于广义的城市绿色空间的概念 |
城市绿地 | 广义:是指以自然植被和人工植被为主要存在形态的城市绿化用地( | 城市绿地为城市生态空间的一种 |
城市公园 | 城市公园是位于城市范围之内经专门规划建设的绿地,供居民观赏、休息、保健和娱乐等,以游憩为其主要功能 | 城市公园属于城市绿地的一种重要类型 |
表2
国内生态空间研究方法总结"
研究内容 | 研究方法 |
---|---|
生态空间文献和基础理论剖析 | 内容分析法、Citespace计量分析法 |
生态系统服务价值评估 | 生态系统服务价值当量法、综合指标法 |
生态用地需求测算 | 经验判定法、生态系统服务法、空间格局法、情景模拟法 |
生态空间格局及其演变 | 景观生态格局分析法、景观梯度分析法、突变级数法、层次结构指标体系、线性光谱混合模型、夜间灯光数据法、GIS空间分析(缓冲分析、叠加分析、网络分析)、景观指数分析法、生态因子法 |
生态空间/用地评价 | AHP-Delphi法、市场调查法、植被覆盖指数法(NDVI) |
生态空间规划与管控 | 经验归纳法、演绎法、生态评价法 |
生态空间使用公平性 | 演绎法、可达性分析法 |
表3
国外城市生态空间研究方法一览表"
研究主题 | 研究方法 |
---|---|
生态空间价值评价 | 数理统计法(结构方程模型等)、条件价值评估(contingent valuation)、图片法、焦点小组法、手段目的链、公园特征分析法、健康规划和设计法、体验评价法、社会单元图谱法、社会价值图谱法 |
生态空间与居民福祉 | 行为分析、GIS空间分析、数理统计法(面板数据模型等)、标准化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)、元分析、流行病学研究、医学检测法(皮质醇测度)、对比研究法(2×2因子实验设计) |
生态空间感知和使用行为 | 数理统计法(因子分析、回归分析等)、半结构访谈、GIS空间分析、人种志研究、观察法、内容分析法、游客受雇拍照法(visitor employed photography) |
生态空间格局 | 遥感分析、GIS空间分析(叠加分析等)、访谈法和案例研究法、景观指数、梯度分析、样带分析、情景模拟、社会网络分析 |
城市生态空间规划与治理 | 图片法、行动研究法(the action research)、社会网络分析、焦点小组、文档分析(规划文件)、3-D虚拟模拟 |
生态空间影响 | 贝叶斯网法、社会调查法、数理统计法 |
[15] |
[Li X M, Liu C F.2009. Accessibility and service of Shenyang's urban parks by network analysis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29(3): 1554-1562.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.03.054 |
[16] |
刘东, 封志明, 杨艳昭. 2012. 基于生态足迹的中国生态承载力供需平衡分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 27(4): 614-624.
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.04.008 |
[Liu D, Feng Z M, Yang Y Z.2012. Ecological balance between supply and demand in China using ecological footprint method[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 27(4): 614-624.]
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2012.04.008 |
|
[17] |
马世发, 艾彬. 2015. 基于地理模型与优化的城市扩张与生态保护二元空间协调优化[J]. 生态学报, 35(17): 5874-5883.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201311032653 |
[Ma S F, Ai B.2015. Coupling geographical simulation and spatial optimization for harmonious pattern analysis by considering urban sprawling and ecological conservation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35(17): 5874-5883.]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201311032653 |
|
[18] | 欧维新, 赵丽宁, 李冉. 2014. 协调生态环境压力的区域生态用地需求模拟: 以江苏省为例[J]. 水土保持研究, 21(4): 274-278. |
[Ou W X, Zhao L N, Li R.2014. Simulation on regional ecological land demand based on coordination of the eco-environmental stress: A case Study of Jiangsu Province[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 21(4): 274-278.] | |
[19] | 潘影, 张茜, 甄霖, 等. 2011. 北京市平原区不同圈层绿色空间格局及生态服务变化[J]. 生态学杂志, 30(4): 818-823. |
[Pan Y, Zhang Q, Zhen L, et al.2011. Green space pattern and ecosystem services value of the sub-regions in Beijing plain area[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 30(4): 818-823.] | |
[20] | 裴相斌, 王作武, 焦景元. 1995. 鲅鱼圈港口依托地土地开发利用问题与对策[J]. 海洋开发与管理, (1): 20-23. |
[1] |
陈爽, 刘云霞, 彭立华. 2008. 城市生态空间演变规律及调控机制: 以南京市为例[J]. 生态学报, 28(5): 2270-2278.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.05.044 |
[Chen S, Liu Y X, Peng L H.2008. Dynamics of urban ecological space evolution and policy responses: A case study of Nanjing City[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28(5): 2270-2278.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.05.044 |
|
[20] | [Pei X B, Wang Z W, Jiao J Y.1995. The land use problem and countermeasure in the supporting region of the Bayuquan Port[J]. Ocean Development and Management, (1): 20-23.] |
[21] |
彭建, 汪安, 刘焱序, 等. 2015. 城市生态用地需求测算研究进展与展望[J]. 地理学报, 70(2): 333-346.
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201502013 |
[2] | 程琳, 李锋, 邓华锋. 2011. 中国超大城市土地利用状况及其生态系统服务动态演变[J]. 生态学报, 31(20): 6194-6203. |
[Cheng L, Li F, Deng H F.2011. Dynamics of land use and its ecosystem services in China's megacities[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(20): 6194-6203.] | |
[21] |
[Peng J, Wang A, Liu Y X, et al.2015. Research progress and prospect on measuring urban ecological land demand[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 70(2): 333-346.]
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201502013 |
[22] | 宋秀华. 2011. 城市公园绿地社会服务功能评价研究: 以泰安市为例[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学. |
[3] |
丁宇, 李贵才, 路旭, 等. 2011. 空间异质性及绿色空间对大气污染的削减效应: 以大珠江三角州为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 30(11): 1415-1421.
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2011.11.012 |
[Ding Y, Li G C, Lu X, et al.2011. Spatial heterogeneity and air pollution removal by green space in Greater Pearl River Delta[J]. Progress in Geography, 30(11): 1415-1421.]
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2011.11.012 |
|
[22] | [Song X H.2011.Evaluation research on the social service function of urban park: Take Tai'an City as an example[D]. Tai'an, China: Shandong Agricultural University.] |
[23] |
苏泳娴, 张虹鸥, 陈修治, 等. 2013. 佛山市高明区生态安全格局和建设用地扩展预案[J]. 生态学报, 33(5): 1524-1534.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201205160733 |
[4] |
董家华, 舒廷飞, 谢慧, 等. 2007. 城市建设用地生态服务功能价值计算与应用[J]. 同济大学学报: 自然科学版, 35(5): 636-640.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-374X.2007.05.013 |
[Dong J H, Shu T F, Xie H, et al.2007. Calculative method for ecosystem services values of urban constructive lands and its application[J]. Journal of Tongji University: Natural Science, 35(5): 636-640.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-374X.2007.05.013 |
|
[23] |
[Su Y X, Zhang H O, Chen X Z, et al.2013. The ecological security patterns and construction land expansion simulation in Gaoming[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33(5): 1524-1534.]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201205160733 |
[24] |
孙海清, 许学工. 2007. 北京绿色空间格局演变研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 26(5): 48-56.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6301.2007.05.006 |
[5] | 范学忠, 李玉辉, 角媛梅. 2008. 昆明市生态红线区非生态用地转变前后生态效益分析[J]. 水土保持研究, 15(4): 179-183, 188. |
[Fan X Z, Li Y H, Jiao Y M.2008. Ecological benefits analysis of the ecology red-line areas in Kunming District before and after changing the non-ecological use lands into ecological ones[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 15(4): 179-183, 188.] | |
[24] |
[Sun H Q, Xu X G.2007. Study on green space pattern changes in Beijing[J]. Progress in Geography, 26(5): 48-56.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6301.2007.05.006 |
[25] |
孙琨, 钟林生, 张爱平, 等. 2016. 城市生态游憩空间休闲价值对比分析: 以常熟市为例[J]. 地理研究, 35(2): 256-270.
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201602005 |
[6] | 付晓. 2013. 北京城市绿色空间时空变化及其生态服务功能响应[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学. |
[Fu X.2013. Spatial and temporal change and ecosystem service response of urban green space in Beijing City[D]. Beijing, China: Beijing Forestry University.] | |
[25] |
[Sun K, Zhong L S, Zhang A P, et al.2016. Comparative analysis on the leisure values of urban ecological recreation spaces: A case study of Changshu City[J]. Geographical Research, 35(2): 256-270.]
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201602005 |
[26] | 孙逊. 2014. 基于绿地生态网络构建的北京市绿地体系发展战略研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学. |
[7] |
关小克, 张凤荣, 王秀丽, 等. 2013. 北京市生态用地空间演变与布局优化研究[J]. 地域研究与开发, 32(3): 119-124.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2363.2013.03.023 |
[Guan X K, Zhang F R, Wang X L, et al.2013. Spatial evolution of urban ecological land and its distribution optimization in Beijing[J]. Areal Research and Development, 32(3): 119-124.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2363.2013.03.023 |
|
[26] | [Sun X.2014. Study on the development strategy of Beijing green space system based on construction of green ecological network[D]. Beijing, China: Beijing Forestry University.] |
[27] |
田嵩, 赵树明, 刘颖. 2012. 我国城市群生态空间管制的“四分模式”[J]. 城市发展研究, 19(3): 13-16.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3862.2012.03.024 |
[8] | 郭荣朝, 苗长虹, 顾朝林, 等. 2008. 城市群生态空间结构演变机理研究[J]. 西北大学学报: 自然科学版, 38(4): 657-662. |
[Guo R C, Miao C H, Gu C L, et al.2008. Research on the evolutive mechanism of eco-spatial structure in the urban agglomeration region[J]. Journal of Northwest University: Natural Science Edition, 38(4): 657-662.] | |
[27] |
[Tian S, Zhao S M, Liu Y.2012. "The Four Groups Model" on ecological space control of urban agglomerations in Chinese[J]. Urban Development Studies, 19(3): 13-16.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3862.2012.03.024 |
[28] |
王海鹰, 秦奋, 张新长. 2015. 广州市城市生态用地空间冲突与生态安全隐患情景分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 30(8): 1304-1318.
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.08.006 |
[9] | 何梅, 汪云, 夏巍, 等. 2010. 特大城市生态空间体系规划与管控研究[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社. |
[He M, Wang Y, Xia W, et al.2010. Ecological spatial system planning and management study of megacity[M]. Beijing, China: China Architecture and Building Press.] | |
[28] |
[Wang H Y, Qin F, Zhang X C.2015. The scenario analysis on urban ecological land spatial conflict and ecological security hidden danger in Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 30(8): 1304-1318.]
doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.08.006 |
[29] | 吴健生, 刘洪萌, 黄秀兰, 等. 2012. 深圳市生态用地景观连通性动态评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 23(9): 2543-2549. |
[10] | 李芬, 孙然好, 陈利顶. 2012. 北京城市公园湿地的休憩吸引力评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 23(8): 2093-2099. |
[Li F, Sun R H, Chen L D.2012. Recreational attraction of urban park wetlands in Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 23(8): 2093-2099.] | |
[29] | [Wu J S, Liu H M, Huang X L, et al.2012. Dynamic evaluation on landscape connectivity of ecological land: A case study of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province of South China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 23(9): 2543-2549.] |
[30] |
吴健生, 司梦林, 李卫锋. 2016. 供需平衡视角下的城市公园绿地空间公平性分析: 以深圳市福田区为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 27(9): 2831-2838.
doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201609.011 |
[11] | 李锋, 叶亚平, 宋博文, 等. 2011. 城市生态用地的空间结构及其生态系统服务动态演变: 以常州市为例[J]. 生态学报, 31(19): 5623-5631. |
[Li F, Ye Y P, Song B W, et al.2011. Spatial structure of urban ecological land and its dynamic development of ecosystem services: A case study in Changzhou City, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(19): 5623-5631.] | |
[30] |
[Wu J S, Si M L, Li W F.2016. Spatial equity analysis of urban green space from the perspective of balance between supply and demand: A case study of Futian District, Shenzhen, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 27(9): 2831-2838.
doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201609.011 |
[31] |
杨振山, 张慧, 丁悦, 等. 2015. 城市绿色空间研究内容与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 34(1): 18-29.
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.01.003 |
[12] | 李荷, 杨培峰. 2014. 城市自然生态空间的价值评估及规划启示[J]. 城市环境与城市生态, 27(5): 39-43. |
[Li H, Yang P F.2014. Value evaluation of urban natural ecological space and planning implications[J]. Urban Environment and Urban Ecology, 27(5): 39-43.] | |
[31] |
[Yang Z S, Zhang H, Ding Y, et al.2015. Progress and prospect on urban green space research[J]. Progress in Geography, 34(1): 18-29.]
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.01.003 |
[32] | 姚娜, 马履一, 杨军, 等. 2015. 北京市平原地区1992-2013年生态空间演变[J]. 生态学杂志, 34(5): 1427-1434. |
[13] |
李华. 2015. 城市生态游憩空间服务功能评价与优化对策[J]. 城市规划, 39(8): 63-69.
doi: 10.11819/cpr20150809a |
[Li H.2015. Evaluation and optimization countermeasures for service functions of urban ecological recreation space[J]. City Planning Review, 39(8): 63-69.]
doi: 10.11819/cpr20150809a |
|
[32] | [Yao N, Ma L Y, Yang J, et al.2015. Changes of ecological spaces in Beijing's plain areas between 1992 and 2013[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 34(5): 1427-1434.] |
[33] | 尹海伟, 孔繁花, 宗跃光. 2008. 城市绿地可达性与公平性评价[J]. 生态学报, 28(7): 3375-3383. |
[14] | 李晓丽, 曾光明, 石林, 等. 2010. 长沙市城市生态用地的定量分析及优化[J]. 应用生态学报, 21(2): 415-421. |
[Li X L, Zeng G M, Shi L, et al.2010. Urban ecological land in Changsha City: Its quantitative analysis and optimization[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 21(2): 415-421.] | |
[33] | [Yin H W, Kong F H, Zong Y G.2008. Accessibility and equity assessment on urban green space[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28(7): 3375-3383.] |
[34] |
尹海伟, 徐建刚, 孔繁花. 2009. 上海城市绿地宜人性对房价的影响[J]. 生态学报, 29(8): 4492-4500.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.08.057 |
[Yin H W, Xu J G, Kong F H.2009. Impact of the amenity value of urban green space on the price of house in Shanghai[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29(8): 4492-4500.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.08.057 |
|
[35] | 俞孔坚, 乔青, 李迪华, 等. 2009. 基于景观安全格局分析的生态用地研究: 以北京市东三乡为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 20(8): 1932-1939. |
[Yu K J, Qiao Q, Li D H, et al.2009.Ecological land use in three towns of eastern Beijing: A case study based on landscape security pattern analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20(8): 1932-1939.] | |
[36] |
詹运洲, 李艳. 2011. 特大城市城乡生态空间规划方法及实施机制思考[J]. 城市规划学刊, (2): 49-57.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3363.2011.02.007 |
[Zhan Y Z, Li Y.2011. Ecological planning: Methods and implementation mechanism in megacities[J]. Urban Planning Forum, (2): 49-57.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3363.2011.02.007 |
|
[37] |
张林波, 李伟涛, 王维, 等. 2008. 基于GIS的城市最小生态用地空间分析模型研究: 以深圳市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 23(1): 69-78.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2008.01.008 |
[Zhang L B, Li W T, Wang W, et al.2008. Research on space modeling for minimum urban ecological land based on GIS: A case in Shenzhen[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 23(1): 69-78.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2008.01.008 |
|
[38] | 赵景柱. 1990. 景观生态空间格局动态度量指标体系[J]. 生态学报, 10(2): 182-186. |
[Zhao J Z.1990. Dynamic indicator system for measurement of spatial pattern in landscape ecology[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 10(2): 182-186.] | |
[39] |
赵晟, 洪华生, 张珞平, 等. 2007. 中国红树林生态系统服务的能值价值[J]. 资源科学, 29(1): 147-154.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-7588.2007.01.022 |
[Zhao S, Hong H S, Zhang L P, et al.2007. Energy value of mangrove ecosystem services in China[J]. Resources Science, 29(1): 147-154.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-7588.2007.01.022 |
|
[40] |
周锐, 胡远满, 王新军, 等. 2015. 快速城镇化地区生态用地演变及驱动力分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 24(6): 1012-1020.
doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201506016 |
[Zhou R, Hu Y M, Wang X J, et al. 2015. Change characteristics of ecological land and its driving factors in rapidly urbanizing region[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 24(6): 1012-1020.]
doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201506016 |
|
[41] |
周锐, 苏海龙, 钱欣, 等. 2014. 城市生态用地的安全格局规划探索[J]. 城市发展研究, 21(6): 21-27.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3862.2014.06.010 |
[Zhou R, Su H L, Qian X, et al.2014. Exploration of urban ecological land planning method based on ecological security pattern[J]. Urban Development Studies, 21(6): 21-27.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3862.2014.06.010 |
|
[42] | 朱战强, 杨帆, 宋志军. 2015. 北京生态用地的空间格局及复杂性[J]. 经济地理, 35(7): 168-175. |
[Zhu Z Q, Yang F, Song Z J.2015. Exploring spatial patterns and complexities of ecological lands in Beijing[J]. Economic Geography, 35(7): 168-175.] | |
[43] | Bertram C, Rehdanz K.2015. The role of urban green space for human well-being[J]. Ecological Economics, 120: 139-152. |
[44] | Carpenter M.2013. From 'healthful exercise' to 'nature on prescription': The politics of urban green spaces and walking for health[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 118: 120-127. |
[45] | Carrus G, Scopelliti M, Lafortezza R, et al.2015. Go greener, feel better? The positive effects of biodiversity on the well-being of individuals visiting urban and peri-urban green areas[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 134: 221-228. |
[46] | Czembrowski P, Kronenberg J.2016. Hedonic pricing and different urban green space types and sizes: Insights into the discussion on valuing ecosystem services[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 146: 11-19. |
[47] | Dadvand P, Nazelle A D, Figueras F, et al.2012. Green space, health inequality and pregnancy[J]. Environment International, 40: 110-115. |
[48] | Dai D J.2011.Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in urban green space accessibility: Where to intervene[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 102(4): 234-244. |
[49] | Dennis M, James P.2016. User participation in urban green commons: Exploring the links between access, voluntarism, biodiversity and well being[J]. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 15: 22-31. |
[50] | Dzhambov A M, Dimitrova D D.2015. Green spaces and environmental noise perception[J]. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 14(4): 1000-1008. |
[51] | Flouri E, Midouhas E, Joshi H.2014. The role of urban neighbourhood green space in children's emotional and behavioural resilience[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40: 179-186. |
[52] | Gupta K, Kumar P, Pathan S K, et al.2012. Urban Neighborhood Green Index-A measure of green spaces in urban areas[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 105(3): 325-335. |
[53] | Hansard. 1833. Public health[EB/OL]. 1833-02-21[2016-07-06]. . |
[54] | Howard E.1898. To-tomorrow: A peaceful path to real reform[M]. London, UK: S. Sonnenschein & Co. |
[55] | Jansson M, Lindgren T.2012. A review of the concept 'management' in relation to urban landscapes and green spaces: Toward a holistic understanding[J]. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 11(2): 139-145. |
[56] | Kabisch N.2015. Ecosystem service implementation and governance challenges in urban green space planning: The case of Berlin, Germany[J]. Land Use Policy, 42: 557-567. |
[57] | Kemperman A, Timmermans H.2014. Green spaces in the direct living environment and social contacts of the aging population[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 129: 44-54. |
[58] | Kestens Y, Thériault M, Des Rosiers F.2004. The impact of surrounding land use and vegetation on single-family house prices[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(4): 539-567. |
[59] | Kronenberg J, Pietrzyk-Kaszyńska A, Zbieg A, et al.2016. Wasting collaboration potential: A study in urban green space governance in a post-transition country[J]. Environmental Science and Policy, 62: 69-78. |
[60] | Laurent O, Wu J, Li L F, et al.2013. Green spaces and pregnancy outcomes in Southern California[J]. Health and Place, 24: 190-195. |
[61] |
Lindholst A C.2008. Improving contract design and management for urban green-space maintenance through action research[J]. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 7(2): 77-91.
doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2008.02.001 |
[62] |
Maas J, van Dillen S M E, Verheij R A, et al.2009. Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health[J]. Health and Place, 15(2): 586-595.
doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.09.006 |
[63] |
Madureira H, Nunes F, Oliveira J V, et al.2015. Urban residents' beliefs concerning green space benefits in four cities in France and Portugal[J]. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 14(1): 56-64.
doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2014.11.008 |
[64] |
Mäkinen K, Tyrväinen L.2008. Teenage experiences of public green spaces in suburban Helsinki[J]. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 7(4): 277-289.
doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2008.07.003 |
[65] | Marsh G P.1864. Man and nature: Or, physical geography as modified by human action[M]. New York: C. Scribner. |
[66] |
McConnachie M M, Shackleton C M.2010. Public green space inequality in small towns in South Africa[J]. Habitat International, 34(2): 244-248.
doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2009.09.009 |
[67] |
Neuenschwander N, Hayek U W, Grêt-Regamey A.2014. Integrating an urban green space typology into procedural 3D visualization for collaborative planning[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 48: 99-110.
doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.07.010 |
[68] |
Ngom R, Gosselin P, Blais C.2016. Reduction of disparities in access to green spaces: Their geographic insertion and recreational functions matter[J]. Applied Geography, 66: 35-51.
doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.11.008 |
[69] |
Nutsford D, Pearson A L, Kingham S, et al.2016. Residential exposure to visible blue space (but not green space) associated with lower psychological distress in a capital city[J]. Health and Place, 39: 70-78.
doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.03.002 pmid: 26974233 |
[70] |
Panduro T E, Veie K L.2013. Classification and valuation of urban green spaces: A hedonic house price valuation[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 120: 119-128.
doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.08.009 |
[71] |
Peschardt K K, Stigsdotter U K.2013. Associations between park characteristics and perceived restorativeness of small public urban green spaces[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 112: 26-39.
doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.12.013 |
[15] |
李小马, 刘常富. 2009. 基于网络分析的沈阳城市公园可达性和服务[J]. 生态学报, 29(3): 1554-1562.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.03.054 |
[72] |
Schipperijn J, Bentsen P, Troelsen J, et al.2013. Associations between physical activity and characteristics of urban green space[J]. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 12(1): 109-116.
doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2012.12.002 |
[73] |
Seeland K, Dübendorfer S, Hansmann R.2009. Making friends in Zurich's urban forests and parks: The role of public green space for social inclusion of youths from different cultures[J]. Forest Policy and Economics, 11(1): 10-17.
doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2008.07.005 |
[74] |
Shan X Z.2014. Socio-demographic variation in motives for visiting urban green spaces in a large Chinese city[J]. Habitat International, 41: 114-120.
doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.07.012 |
[75] |
Smyth R, Mishra V, Qian X L.2008. The environment and well-being in urban China[J]. Ecological Economics, 68(1-2): 547-555.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.05.017 |
[76] |
Soga M, Yamaura Y, Aikoh T, et al.2015. Reducing the extinction of experience: Association between urban form and recreational use of public greenspace[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 143: 69-75.
doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.06.003 |
[77] | van den Berg A E, Jorgensen A, Wilson E R.2014. Evaluating restoration in urban green spaces: Does setting type make a difference[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 127: 173-181. |
[78] |
van den Berg A E, Maas J, Verheij R A, et al.2010. Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health[J]. Social Science and Medicine, 70(8): 1203-1210.
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.002 |
[79] |
Wan C, Shen G Q.2015. Salient attributes of urban green spaces in high density cities: The case of Hong Kong[J]. Habitat International, 49: 92-99.
doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.05.016 |
[80] |
Zhang H, Chen B, Sun Z, et al.2013. Landscape perception and recreation needs in urban green space in Fuyang, Hangzhou, China[J]. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 12(1): 44-52.
doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2012.11.001 |
[81] |
Zhang W J, Yang J, Ma L Y, et al.2015. Factors affecting the use of urban green spaces for physical activities: Views of young urban residents in Beijing[J]. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 14(4): 851-857.
doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2015.08.006 |
[1] | 任嘉敏, 马延吉. 地理学视角下绿色发展研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1196-1209. |
[2] | 谭雪兰, 蒋凌霄, 王振凯, 安悦, 陈敏, 任辉. 地理学视角下的中国乡村贫困——源起、进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 913-923. |
[3] | 高丽, 李红波, 张小林. 中国乡村生活空间研究溯源及展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(4): 660-669. |
[4] | 熊琛然, 王礼茂, 屈秋实, 向宁, 王博. 地缘政治风险研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(4): 695-706. |
[5] | 唐寅, 王中根, 王婉清, 黄火键, 袁勇. 适用于遥感影像的水生态空间多功能分类体系研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 454-460. |
[6] | 黄安, 许月卿, 卢龙辉, 刘超, 张益宾, 郝晋珉, 王惠. “生产-生活-生态”空间识别与优化研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 503-518. |
[7] | 邹利林, 刘彦随, 王永生. 中国土地利用冲突研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(2): 298-309. |
[8] | 高卿, 骆华松, 王振波, 宋金平. 美丽中国的研究进展及展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(7): 1021-1033. |
[9] | 顾伟男, 刘慧, 王亮. 国外创新网络演化机制研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(12): 1977-1990. |
[10] | 陈晓红, 周宏浩. 城市化与生态环境关系研究热点与前沿的图谱分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(9): 1171-1185. |
[11] | 廖柳文, 高晓路. 人口老龄化对乡村发展影响研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5): 617-626. |
[12] | 李弘毅, 刘永学, 张思宇, 孙超, 孙佳琪. 地理信息技术支撑下的南海岛礁资源环境研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(11): 1454-1462. |
[13] | 李富佳. 区际贸易隐含碳排放转移研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(10): 1303-1313. |
[14] | 许昕, 赵媛, 张新林, 曾通刚, 夏四友, 谢倩倩, 孙琪. 中国老年地理学研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(10): 1416-1429. |
[15] | 刘敏, 许世远, 侯立军, 杨毅, 周立旻, 陈睿山, 黄燕平, 吴诗雪. 城市自然地理学的理论、实践和发展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(1): 102-108. |
|