城市迁移人口居住空间分异——对深圳市的实证研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于深圳市第六次人口普查数据,将迁移人口按照户籍地划分为市内迁移、省内迁移和省际迁移3种类型。通过计算区位熵分析街道迁移人口比重在全市中的水平,并用空间自相关来识别其空间集聚状况,以揭示迁移人口的空间分异格局,进而用分异指数刻画迁移人口的分异程度。然后以街道迁移人口比重为因变量,住房因素和就业因素为自变量,采用OLS模型、空间滞后模型和空间误差模型来分析和解释迁移人口居住空间分异的影响因素。结果表明：①迁移人口区位熵呈现出较为明显的圈层结构分布特征,以南山区和福田区为中心向外依次为市内、省内和省外迁移人口;②迁移人口的居住分布存在空间集聚,市内迁移人口集聚分布在行政中心周围,省内迁移人口集中分布在商业中心周围,省外迁移人口集中分布在工业园区较多的关外街道;③省外迁移人口与本地人口之间的居住分异程度最高;④省外迁移人口的居住空间分布显著地受住房因素的影响,省内迁移人口的居住空间分布则受就业因素的影响,住房和就业因素对市内迁移人口的居住空间分布的影响不显著。

关键词: 迁移人口, 居住空间分异, 住房, 就业, 深圳

Abstract:

This study divided the migrant population in Shenzhen into three groups based on the sixth census data: inter-city migrants, inter-provincial migrants, and intra-provincial migrants. By calculating location quotient, the proportions of migrants in urban sub-districts were compared within the city. Spatial autocorrelation was used to identify spatial agglomeration, and then a differentiation index was used to characterize the degree of differentiation of migrant population. The ordinary least squares (OLS) model, spatial lag model, and spatial error model were used to analyze and explain the influencing factors of the residential spatial differentiation of migrants, taking the proportion of migrant population as the dependent variable and housing and employment factors as the independent variables. The results show that: (1) The location entropy of the migrant population showed a clear circular structure, with inter-city migrants in Nanshan and Futian Districts in the southwest corner at the center, and inter-provincial and intra-provincial migrants outside. (2) Spatial agglomeration has occurred in the residential distribution of migrant population. Inter-city migrants are distributed around the city administrative center; inter-provincial migrants are concentrated around the commercial center; and intra-provincial migrants are concentrated in sub-districts in Guanwai where industrial parks are concentrated in. (3) The highest degree of residential differentiation was found between the intra-provincial migrants and the population with the hukou (population registration) of Shenzhen. (4) Residential spatial distribution of intra-provincial migrants was significantly affected by housing factors, while inter-provincial migrants was significantly affected by employment factors, and inter-city migrants are affected by both housing and employment factors, but less significantly. The regional characteristics of housing and employment led to the settlement of migrants of all types to specific locations of the city, and thus formed the overall pattern of residential spatial differentiation.

Key words: migrant population, residential spatial differentiation, housing, employment, Shenzhen

钟奕纯, 冯健. 城市迁移人口居住空间分异——对深圳市的实证研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(1): 125-135.

Yichun ZHONG, Jian FENG. Residential spatial differentiation of migrant population within the city: A case study of Shenzhen[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(1): 125-135.

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	市内未迁移人口	市内迁移人口	省内迁移人口	省外迁移人口
市内未迁移人口	0.000	0.195	0.331	0.441
市内迁移人口	0.195	0.000	0.393	0.475
省内迁移人口	0.331	0.393	0.000	0.191
省外迁移人口	0.441	0.475	0.191	0.000

住房属性		最小值	最小值所属区-街道	最大值	最大值所属区-街道	均值
住房来源	租赁廉租房/%	0.85	福田区—南园街道	38.40	宝安区—大浪街道	9.03
	租赁其他住房/%	17.16	福田区—香蜜湖街道	84.04	光明新区—公明街道	55.46
	自建住房/%	0.12	福田区—华强北街道	33.40	龙岗区—南澳街道	3.79
	购买商品房/%	0.43	坪山新区—坪山街道	64.23	南山区—粤海街道	18.59
	购买二手房/%	0.00	坪山新区—大工业区	7.81	福田区—园岭街道	2.46
	购买经济适用房/%	0.00	龙岗区—大鹏街道	15.80	福田区—福保街道	1.80
	购买原公有住房/%	0.00	宝安区—大浪街道	19.44	福田区—华强北街道	2.69
住房费用	月均租房费用/元	251.83	坪山新区—坑梓街道	2755.45	福田区—华强北街道	938.91
住房质量	住房质量指数	6.36	坪山新区—大工业区	7.94	福田区—福保街道	7.50
住房面积	人均建筑面积/m²	15.73	宝安区—大浪街道	39.93	福田区—香蜜湖街道	25.59

变量		指标
住房属性	住房来源	租赁其他住房比重
	住房费用	月均租房费用
	住房质量	住房质量指数
	住房面积	人均建筑面积
就业机会	行业	二产比重
	行业	三产1比重
	职业	商业、服务业人员比重
	职业	生产、运输设备操作人员比重

变量	模型一：OLS			模型二：空间滞后				模型三：空间误差
变量	市内		省内	省外	市内	省内	省外	市内	省内	省外
租赁其他住房比重/%	-0.006	-0.062	0.318^**	-0.018	-0.015	-		-0.025	-0.028	-
住房质量指数	1.625^*	4.039	-12.189^***	1.156^**	1.788	-		1.400^**	2.686	-
人均建筑面积/m²	0.163^**	-0.439	-0.749^**	0.044	-0.259	-		-0.006	-0.312	-
商业、服务业人员比重/%	-0.090^***	0.387^***	0.039	-0.055^***	0.357^***	-		-0.047^**	0.482^***	-
二产比重/%	-0.039	0.074	0.198^***	-0.017	0.084	-		-0.015	0.080^***	-
因变量的滞后项	-	-	-	0.736^***	0.520^**	-				-
残差的滞后项	-	-	-	-	-			0.847^***	0.746^***	-
常量	-8.696	-6.428	132.827^***	-5.447	-9.252	-		-3.615	-5.258	-
R²	0.537	0.363	0.846	0.812	0.527	-		0.788	0.675	-
对数似然函数值	-109.943	-185.761	-190.120	-88.622	-177.550	-		-94.579	-171.266	-
拉格朗日乘数值	-	-	-	34.662	16.624	-		15.553	28.011	-
Moran's I	0.362^***	0.486^***	0.053	-	-	-		-	-	-