京津冀协同创新水平评价及提升对策研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

协同创新是京津冀协同发展的核心议题之一,本文从缩小京津冀三地间创新水平差距和推动跨地区、跨主体的创新协作两个视角构建了协同创新指数,对京津冀协同创新水平进行测度评价。测度结果为：2010-2014年期间,京津冀整体的创新能力有了明显提升,但不同地区间、不同主体间的协同创新水平仍然较低。从综合创新水平来看,北京在创新的投入、产出和环境方面都遥遥领先,天津在创新投入和产业创新产出方面进步很快,河北在产业创新产出方面也有较快增长,但创新环境进步缓慢。从主体间协同创新水平来看,企业的主体地位较低,高校和研究机构的知识创新产出丰富但产业化程度较低。从区域间的协同创新水平来看,北京技术转移在全国范围内呈现“跳跃式”扩散特征,但对津冀主要产业的创新带动贡献不大。最后,提出了促进创新要素特别是人才要素的流动、构建官产学研多元主体协同创新模式、加强创新链与产业链对接等政策建议。

关键词: 京津冀, 协同创新, 创新指数, 创新政策

Abstract:

Collaborative innovation is one of the core issues of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration and coordinated development. This study constructed a collaborative innovation index of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region for narrowing the gap of innovative level and promoting innovation cooperation among different regions and actors. From 2010 to 2014, while the overall innovation ability of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has improved significantly, notable differences within the region remain and innovative collaboration among different regions and actors is still at a low level. In terms of the differences within the region, Beijing is far ahead in the fields of innovation investment, output, and environment. Tianjin is making rapid progress in innovation investment and high-tech industry development. Hebei has shown rapid growth in high-tech industry investment but slow progress in innovation output and environment. In terms of regional innovative collaboration among key actors, the role of enterprises is lagging far behind the developed regions. Although universities and research institutions have abundant research results, many of them remain unapplied. Lastly, in terms of the ability for cross-region innovative cooperation, Beijing has shown a "jumpy" diffusion pattern with much stronger influence and collaboration with faraway regions than its immediate neighboring areas of Tianjin and Hebei. The article concludes with recommendations on how to further clear the orientation and function division of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, create a better collaborative innovation market environment, make an industry-university-research institute system, and deepen the reform of the science and technology innovation system.

Key words: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, collaborative innovation, innovation index, innovation policy

孙瑜康, 李国平. 京津冀协同创新水平评价及提升对策研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(1): 78-86.

Yukang SUN, Guoping LI. Evaluation and upgrading of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional collaborative innovation capacity[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(1): 78-86.

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参考文献 19

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一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	熵值	熵权
综合创新水平	创新投入 (0.157)	研发经费支出占GDP比重/%	0.241	0.048
(0.574)	创新投入 (0.157)	研发人员占常住人口比重/%	0.281	0.045
	高新技术产业投资额/亿元		0.000	0.063
	创新产出 (0.188)	国内申请专利数/件	0.257	0.047
		科技论文发表数/篇	0.100	0.057
		高技术产业主营业务收入/亿元	0.327	0.042
		工业企业新产品销售收入/亿元	0.331	0.042
	创新环境 (0.229)	互联网普及率/%	0.331	0.042
		政府研发经费支出/亿元	0.074	0.058
		人均GDP/(元/人)	0.327	0.042
		人均受教育年限/年	0.298	0.044
		人均拥有公共图书馆藏量/册	0.320	0.043
协同创新水平	主体间协同创新 (0.217)	高等学校专利所有权转让及许可收入/万元	0.022	0.062
(0.426)	主体间协同创新 (0.217)	研究机构专利所有权转让及许可收入/万元	0.060	0.059
	高等学校研发经费内部支出中企业投入占比/%		0.266	0.046
	研究机构研发经费内部支出中企业投入占比/%		0.215	0.049
	区域间协同创新 (0.209)	技术合同成交额/亿元	0.108	0.056
		技术输出地域(合同金额)/亿元	0.093	0.057
		技术流向地域(合同金额)/亿元	0.164	0.053
		区域间合作申请专利数/件	0.319	0.043

项目	2010年					2014年
项目	北京		天津	河北	京津冀	北京	天津	河北	京津冀
综合创新水平	0.274	0.145	0.010	0.429		0.398	0.254	0.101	0.753
创新投入	0.063	0.028	0.007	0.098		0.093	0.060	0.044	0.197
创新产出	0.056	0.016	0.003	0.075		0.087	0.044	0.016	0.148
创新环境	0.155	0.101	0.000	0.256		0.218	0.150	0.041	0.409
协同创新水平	0.184	0.098	0.037	0.320		0.256	0.099	0.016	0.371
主体间协同创新	0.110	0.085	0.036	0.231		0.103	0.059	0.014	0.176
区域间协同创新	0.074	0.013	0.001	0.089		0.153	0.040	0.002	0.195
京津冀协同创新指数	0.749				1.124

地区	2010				2014
地区	北京		天津	河北	北京	天津	河北
研发经费支出/亿元	821.82	229.56	155.45		1268.80	464.69	313.09
研发经费支出占GDP比重/%	5.82	2.49	0.76		5.95	2.96	1.06
研发人员数量/万人	10.72	3.02	3.99		33.42	14.37	13.66
研发人员占常住人口比重/%	0.55	0.23	0.06		1.55	0.95	0.19
高新技术产业投资额/亿元	136.94	215.93	214.12		105.89	323.46	710.02

项目	2010				2014
项目	北京		天津	河北	北京	天津	河北
国内申请专利数/件	57296	25973	12295		138111	63422	30000
科技论文发表数/篇	104784	22861	30426		115143	28769	29222
高技术产业主营业务收入/亿元	3334	2291	883		4152	4282	1509
工业企业新产品销售收入/亿元	2496	3170	1306		4247	5665	3334

项目	2010				2014
项目	北京		天津	河北	北京	天津	河北
互联网普及率/%	70.30	55.60	36.10		85.21	75.32	63.04
政府研发经费支出/亿元	472.07	44.14	27.39		700.07	74.58	42.71
人均GDP/(万元/人)	7.19	7.10	2.84		9.99	10.37	3.98
人均受教育年限/年	11.01	9.73	8.17		12.03	10.54	8.90
人均拥有公共图书馆藏量/册	0.87	0.97	0.22		0.98	1.00	0.26