中国主要城市群新增制造业用地特征及城镇体系耦合分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索中国典型城市群新增制造业用地结构与布局状况、发展及功能分工特征,本文基于中国土地市场网2009-2013年制造业用地出让数据,通过区位熵、耦合分析、相关分析等方法,分析了长三角、珠三角、京津冀、长江中游和成渝5个典型城市群新增制造业用地分布特征以及城镇体系耦合特征差异。结果表明：①各城市群新增制造业用地差异显著。长三角、珠三角城市群新增制造业发展较为均衡;京津冀、长江中游和成渝城市群发展协调性仍有待提升。②新增制造业各行业用地在5个城市群中均呈现出一定的集聚特征,其中原材料等传统产业倾向布局在城市群边缘区及城市低等级区;电子信息产业等新兴产业多集中在核心城市及高等级区。③各城市群内部新增制造业用地市场化机制作用较为充分,地价呈现随等级提升而递增的趋势;城市群核心区市场活跃度较低而骨干区较高。相关结论可为城市群产业布局调整、优化以及制定不同等级区域协调发展战略提供参考。

关键词: 土地出让, 制造业, 新增用地, 耦合特征, 城市群, 中国

Abstract:

China has experienced rapid industrial development, especially in manufacturing. Formation of China's emerging urban agglomerations has relied on this development along with the expansion of manufacturing land. In order to explore the structure and layout conditions of new manufacturing land as well as functional division status, based on the data of manufacturing land transaction collected from China's land market from 2009 to 2013, this study analyzes the characteristics and development of new manufacturing land in five major urban agglomerations—the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the middle reach of the Yangtze River, and the Chengdu-Chongqing area. The location entropy method was used to explore land distribution characteristics at the city level. Coupled with urban system, three evaluation indicators—price level, level of activity, and scale were selected to analyze the development discrepancies at the county level. Pearson correlation coefficient method was further adopted for quantitative analysis. The results show that: (1) New manufacturing land differed significantly among the urban agglomerations. Development in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta is balanced. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the middle reach of the Yangtze River, and the Chengdu-Chongqing area showed poor coordination. (2) Each industrial category presents the characteristics of spatial clustering in all urban agglomerations. The raw materials industry is mostly concentrated in the peripheral cities of urban agglomerations and the low-grade land areas within cities, while electronic information industry tends to distribute in the core cities of urban agglomeration and the high-grade land areas within cities. (3) Market mechanism is present in new manufacturing land acquisition, where land price follows the value (grade) of land. There has been very limited manufacturing land transaction in the core urban areas, and the most active market transaction generally occurred immediately outside the core urban areas. The conclusions could provide some references for adjusting and optimizing industrial layout, and coordinate development strategies in regions of different industrial development levels.

Key words: land transaction, manufacturing, new manufacturing land, coupling characteristics, urban agglomeration, China

孙伟, 金晓斌, 张志宏, 韩娟, 项晓敏, 周寅康. 中国主要城市群新增制造业用地特征及城镇体系耦合分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(12): 1483-1493.

Wei SUN, Xiaobin JIN, Zhihong ZHANG, Juan HAN, Xiaomin XIANG, Yinkang ZHOU. Characteristics of new manufacturing land and coupling analysis with urban system in Chinese major urban agglomerations[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(12): 1483-1493.

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

表2

新增制造业用地发展特征指标及其含义"

指标	指标名称	计算公式	说明
X₁	价格水平/(元/m²)	$∑ P ij N ij$	表征制造业用地出让价格平均水平。其中 $P ij$ 表示研究期内第 $j$ 个城市群内研究单元 $i$ 各宗地的成交地价; $N ij$ 表示研究期内第 $j$ 个城市群内研究单元 $i$ 的总交易宗数。
X₂	活跃水平/宗	$N ij$	表征制造业用地出让的数量,代表市场活跃水平。其中 $N ij$ 表示研究期内第 $j$ 个城市群内研究单元 $i$ 的总交易宗数。
X₃	规模水平/(hm²/宗)	$∑ S ij N ij$	表征制造业用地出让的平均规模。其中 $S ij$ 表示研究期内第 $j$ 个城市群内研究单元 $i$ 各宗地的出让规模; $N ij$ 表示研究期内第 $j$ 个城市群内研究单元 $i$ 的总交易宗数。
X₄	工业最低出让价格/(元/m²)	/	根据《全国工业用地出让最低价标准》(国土资发(2009)56号),将全国分为15个级别,确定各县区工业用地最低出让价格。

表2

图3

图4

表3

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年份	长三角城市群			珠三角城市群		京津冀城市群			长江中游城市群			成渝城市群
年份	数量/宗		面积/hm²		数量/宗	面积/hm²		数量/宗	面积/hm²	数量/宗	面积/hm²	数量/宗	面积/hm²
2009	9222	19956.26		771	2565.99	1886	11843.10		920	3324.76		1194	5656.10
2010	11134	27928.48		902	3904.11	2074	10864.17		1331	5934.86		1437	6690.05
2011	9722	25843.85		800	2968.72	2282	10523.07		1588	6789.98		1781	8130.50
2012	10137	23985.22		698	2769.32	2408	11824.48		1636	6203.39		1499	6927.68
2013	9926	20839.92		744	3152.36	2960	9656.18		1681	6383.98		1668	7247.79
合计	50141	118553.73		3915	15360.50	11610	54711.00		7156	28636.97		7579	34652.12

		长三角县区中心度			珠三角县区中心度			京津冀县区中心度			长江中游县区中心度			成渝县区中心度
		相关系数		Sig.		相关系数		Sig.		相关系数	Sig.	相关系数	Sig.	相关系数	Sig.
电子信息产业	地价水平	0.356^**	0.000		0.652^**	0.000		0.335^**	0.007		0.382^**	0.001		0.459^**	0.000
	活跃水平	0.095	0.177		0.174	0.236		0.083	0.241		-0.103	0.284		0.139^*	0.095
	规模水平	-0.037	0.600		-0.217	0.138		0.287^**	0.000		-0.167^*	0.080		0.115	0.168
消费品工业	地价水平	0.557^**	0.000		0.500^**	0.001		0.533^**	0.000		0.453^**	0.000		0.646^**	0.000
	活跃水平	-0.104	0.142		0.074			0.616	0.016			0.823		-0.167^*		0.080	-0.050	0.547
	规模水平	-0.058	0.412		-0.217			0.138	-0.079			0.263		-0.325^**		0.002	-0.050	0.548
原材料工业	地价水平	0.537^**	0.000	0.547^**	0.000	0.360^**	0.000	0.492^**	0.000	0.568^**	0.000
	活跃水平	-0.132^*	0.061	-0.232		0.112	0.052		0.468	-0.293^**		0.002	-0.131		0.114
	规模水平	-0.149^*	0.034	-0.497^**		0.000	-0.025		0.729	-0.325^**		0.000	-0.216^**		0.009
装备制造业	地价水平	0.678^**	0.000	0.735^**	0.000	0.617^**	0.000	0.564^**	0.000	0.615^**	0.000
	活跃水平	-0.013	0.856	0.022		0.883	0.046		0.516	-0.088		0.357	0.102		0.218
	规模水平	-0.106	0.132	-0.158		0.284	0.002		0.974	0.433^**		0.000	-0.013		0.880