面向空心村综合整治的农村土地资源配置探析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.10.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

如何通过空心村综合整治实现农村土地资源的合理配置,是构建城乡发展一体化新格局所要面对和解决的重大问题。本文通过梳理空心村整治和农村土地资源配置的概念内涵,明晰了新型城镇化、乡村重构、空心村整治和农村土地资源配置之间的内在关联;根据不同空心村整治类型例证了农村土地资源配置模式,并提出面向空心村整治的农村土地资源配置的市场化及制度保障措施。结果表明：空心村整治的实质是实现以农村土地要素为载体的要素有序流动及其优化配置,乡村重构和空心村整治互为理论依据和推动途径,空心村整治和新型城镇化互为重要内容和研究背景,新型城镇化和乡村重构则互为政策推力和实现方法;对应于空心村综合整治途径,将农村土地资源配置分为城乡一体型、中心社区型和就地改良型3种模式;当前需要发挥市场对农村土地资源配置的决定性作用,重点改革土地征收制度、土地承包经营权流转制度、宅基地流转制度和农村土地退出制度,完善户籍制度、社会保障制度和税费制度,从而有效提升农村土地利用效率。

关键词: 空心村, 综合整治, 农村土地资源配置, 乡村重构, 保障制度

Abstract:

Allocating land resources through comprehensive consolidation of hollowing villages to realize an improved spatial configuration of rural regions is crucial to integrated rural-urban development. In this article, we summarized the contents of hollowing village consolidation and rural land resource allocation; clarified the inter-relationship between new urbanization, rural restructuring, hollowing village consolidation, and rural land resource allocation; identified three types of land resource allocation; and finally analyzed the mechanisms and institutions of rural land resource allocation. The results show that: The essence of hollowing village consolidation is to realize efficient circulation and optimized allocation of factors, including rural land, production, and livelihood factors. Rural restructuring provides the theoretical foundation for hollowing village consolidation, and the latter is a driving force to realize rural restructuring. Under the background of new urbanization, hollowing village consolidation is an important content to realize urbanization. New urbanization is a policy thrust of rural restructuring and the latter offers a method to realize new urbanization. Market is decisive in rural land resource allocation. Appropriate institutions are needed to reform and improve land resource allocation, including land expropriation, transfer of land use rights, transfer of homestead, and exit of land from rural land use. These institutions and a well-developed social security system will help improve the efficiency of rural land resource allocation.

Key words: hollowing village, consolidation, rural land resource allocation, rural restructuring, social security system

赵明月, 王仰麟, 胡智超, 宋治清. 面向空心村综合整治的农村土地资源配置探析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(10): 1237-1248.

Mingyue ZHAO, Yanglin WANG, Zhichao HU, Zhiqing SONG. Comprehensive consolidation of hollowing village oriented rural land resource allocation[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(10): 1237-1248.

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农村土地资源配置模式	空心化特征	配置目标	用地结构和布局	典型案例
城乡一体型	空心村大多位于中心城镇周边;劳动力向城镇转移现象突出;土地空心化程度较高;产业发展依托中心城镇	提高人口非农化比例;引领城镇产业发展,提高生活居住环境,促进城乡一体化	土地城镇化进一步扩大;同时补充耕地面积,实现土地规模化经营	山东禹城牌子村
中心社区型	空心村远离城镇,且附近空心的自然村较多;村里的年轻劳动力外出打工较多;土地空心化程度较高,新建房屋在村庄外围,村内为破旧房屋;乡村经济主要依靠农业以及外出打工	提升农业生产能力,提高第二产业水平,改善居住环境,提高土地利用效率	选择并建设中心社区,拆村并居合并村庄,废弃宅基地整理复垦为耕地	山东青州高木村
就地改良型	空心村位于城镇近、远郊之间;人口转移与流动不明显;空心化程度低、速度慢,村民对宅基地需求得不到保障;经济主要依靠农业或低水平手工业	保障农业发展,改善村容村貌,整治宅基地,满足新建居民用地需求	整改村内基础设施,整治宅基地,规划新居	云南大理江上村