信息通讯技术对老年人的社区满意度影响路径——以南京市锁金社区为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.09.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在中国老龄化进程加快以及智慧养老快速发展的背景下,如何运用信息通讯技术(ICT)提高老年人社区生活质量成为地理学与规划学等领域的关注热点。本文选取南京市首个智慧平台落户社区——锁金社区为实证调研对象,通过构建结构方程模型结合问卷调查,探究信息通讯技术对老年人的社区满意度影响路径,其中问卷内容主要包括个人特征属性、个人ICT使用情况、社会支持情况、社区满意度等。结果表明：老年人信息设备的拥有及使用越趋向多元化,其网络活动越频繁;受教育使用水平越高、使用互联网意愿更强烈的老年人其网络活动越频繁;信息通讯技术主要通过社交类网络活动促进老年人的家庭、邻里交往,提高老年人的社会支持,从而提升社区满意度;与社区建成环境相比,社会支持对于老年人的社区满意度影响更大。因此,合理运用信息通讯技术加强老年人与家人、邻里等的联系强度,是提高老年人社区生活质量的一条可行路径。研究结果对于智慧社区、智慧养老建设具有一定的借鉴意义。

关键词: 老年人, 信息通讯技术, 结构方程, 社会支持, 社区满意度, 南京市锁金社区

Abstract:

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, the number of "netizens" is increasing. There is also a tendency of rapid growth of netizens aged 60 and above. Information and Communication Technology has increasingly become a significant part of social and economic life in today's society, deeply influencing people's behavior. In the context of accelerating aging of the Chinese population and the rapid development of smart elderly care, how to use information and communication technology to improve elderly's quality of community life is becoming a hot topic in geography and urban planning studies. This study chose Suojin Community—the first smart community in Nanjing City—as empirical research case. Suojin Community has actively engaged in information technology development. This study explores the relationship between information and communication technology and elderly's community satisfaction. A survey was conducted in Suojin Community from September to December 2015 by the Nanjing University research group, resulting in 212 valid samples that were later applied in a structural equation modeling. The questionnaire mainly includes four sets of questions on respondents' personal attributes, level of personal use of ICT, social support, and community satisfaction. The analysis shows that greater diversity of information and communication device possession and usage led to more frequent network activities. Elderlies with higher level of education and willingness to use the Internet are more likely to use more information and communication devices and have higher frequency of network activities. Information and communication technology promotes interactions with family and neighbors through social networking activities, such as chatting on QQ and WeChat, which enhance elderly's social support and community satisfaction. Social support has greater impact than the built environment on elderly's community satisfaction. Therefore, an effective path to improve elderly's quality of community life is to strengthen contacts with family and neighbors by information and communication technology. The result has important implications for the development of smart community and smart elderly care. Using information and communication technology to combine social networking with emotional support and social resources provision is the future direction of community development research.

Key words: elderly, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), structural equation model, social support, community satisfaction, Suojin Community in Nanjing

陈卉, 甄峰. 信息通讯技术对老年人的社区满意度影响路径——以南京市锁金社区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(9): 1167-1176.

Hui CHEN, Feng ZHEN. Impact of ICT on community satisfaction among elderly:The case of Suojin Community in Nanjing City[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(9): 1167-1176.

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变量	选项	比例/%	变量	选项	比例/%	变量	选项	比例/%
性别	男	53.3	年龄	50~60岁	30.6	居住组合	独居	6.1
性别	女	46.7		60~70岁	33.5		与配偶居住	34.4
家庭年收入/万元	≤2	14.2		70~80岁	26.9		与子女居住	41.0
	2~5	23.6	80岁以上		9.0	三代同居及以上		18.5
	5~10	26.9	学历	小学及以下	6.7	互联网使用意愿	非常不愿意	5.7
	10~15	17.0		初中	41.0		不愿意	25.4
	15~20	8.0		高中/中专	35.8		中立	41.0
	>20	10.3		大专/本科	15.1		愿意	24.1
	>20	10.3	研究生及以上	1.4		非常愿意	3.8

变量	选项	赋值	变量	选项	赋值	变量	选项	赋值
性别	男	1	年龄	50~60岁	1	居住组合	独居	1
性别	女	2		60~70岁	2		与配偶居住	2
家庭年收入/万元	≤2	1		70~80岁	3		与子女居住	3
	2~5	2	80岁以上		4	三代同居及以上		4
	5~10	3	学历	小学及以下	1	互联网使用意愿	非常不愿意	1
	10~15	4		初中	2		不愿意	2
	15~20	5		高中/中专	3		中立	3
	>20	6		大专/本科	4		愿意	4
	>20	6	研究生及以上	5		非常愿意	5

内生变量	测量指标	指标赋值
信息设备拥有数量	信息设备拥有情况	无=0;普通手机=0.3;智能手机=0.7;笔记本电脑=0.7;台式电脑=0.5;平板电脑等=1
社交类网络活动	qq/微信;社交网站、微博等;社交好友为非邻居数量;社交好友为邻居数量	从不=1;很少=2;一般=3;经常=4;非常频繁=5;0人=1;1~3人=2;4~10人=3;10-20人=4;20人以上=5
非社交类网络活动	网络购物;网络新闻;网络娱乐;搜索出行、美食信息	从不=1;很少=2;一般=3;经常=4;非常频繁=5
社会支持	邻里交往;社区活动参与;邻里关系;亲戚、家人联系频率;家庭关系	从不=1;很少=2;一般=3;经常=4;非常频繁=5;不互相关心、几乎不打招呼=1;关系淡漠=2;遇到困难可能稍微关心彼此=3;有些邻居很关心您=4;大多数邻居很关心您=5;家庭关系与家人、亲戚联系频率的赋值与邻里类似相同
社区建成环境	出行条件;安全治安;社区绿化;商业服务设施;医疗服务设施	非常不满意=1;不满意=2;中立=3;满意=4;非常满意=5
社区满意度	喜欢我的小区;满意小区生活	非常不喜欢=1;不喜欢=2;中立=3;喜欢=4;非常喜欢=5;非常不满意=1;不满意=2;中立=3;满意=4;非常满意=5

内生变量	测量指标	选项	比例/%	内生变量	测量指标	选项	比例/%
信息设备拥有数量	移动设备拥有情况	无	15.1	非社交类网络活动	网络购物	从不	81.1
		普通手机	37.7			很少	6.6
		智能手机	53.3			一般	4.2
		笔记本电脑	22.6			经常	7.1
		台式电脑	27.4			非常频繁	0.9
		平板电脑	14.6		网络新闻	从不	65.6
社交类网络活动	qq/微信	从不	63.7			很少	11.8
		很少	10.4	一般		13.2
		一般	11.3	经常		6.1
		经常	12.3	非常频繁		3.3
		非常频繁	2.4	网络娱乐(电影、音乐、游戏等)		从不		67.9
	社交网站、微博等	从不	67.5	网络娱乐(电影、音乐、游戏等)		很少		14.6
		很少	9.0	一般		8.0
		一般	11.3	经常	7.1
		经常	10.8	非常频繁	2.4
		非常频繁	1.4	搜索出行、美食信息	从不		72.2
	网络社交好友为家人、朋友等非邻居数量	0人	66.0	搜索出行、美食信息	很少		13.7
		1~3人	8.0	一般	7.1
		4~10人	4.7	经常	6.1
		10~20人	9.0	非常频繁	0.9
		20人以上	12.3
	网络社交好友为邻居数量	0人	74.5
		1~3人	9.0
		4~10人	8.5
		10~20人	4.2
		20人以上	3.8

测量指标	选项	比例/%	测量指标	选项	比例/%
邻里交往频率(聊天、倾诉、互相帮助)	从不	3.3	亲戚、家人联系频率	从不联系	5.7
	很少	14.6		很少联系与提供帮助	10.8
	一般	25.5		联系频率一般,偶尔提供帮助	39.1
	经常	48.1		经常情感沟通,较常互相提供帮助	27.4
	非常频繁	8.5		联系非常频繁,经常互帮互助	17.0
社区活动参与	从不	31.6	家庭关系	关系不和睦,非常不满意	0.9
	很少	25.0		关系不满意	0.0
	一般	25.0		关系一般	25.9
	经常	13.7		关系和睦,较为满意	55.7
	非常频繁	4.7		关系非常和睦,非常满意	17.5
邻里关系	不互相关心、几乎不打招呼	2.8
	关系淡漠,只是点头之交	20.3
	遇到困难可能稍微关心彼此	35.4
	有些邻居很关心您	23.6
	大多数邻居很关心您	17.9