地理科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 1100-1108.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.09.005
收稿日期:
2015-10-01
修回日期:
2016-07-01
出版日期:
2016-09-20
发布日期:
2016-09-20
通讯作者:
许学工
E-mail:xxg@urban.pku.edu.cn
作者简介:
作者简介:冯喆(1984-),男,北京人,博士,讲师,研究方向为土地利用和生态系统服务,E-mail:
基金资助:
Zhe FENG1,2, Xuegong XU2,*(), Jian ZHOU3,4, Yang GAO3,4
Received:
2015-10-01
Revised:
2016-07-01
Online:
2016-09-20
Published:
2016-09-20
Contact:
Xuegong XU
E-mail:xxg@urban.pku.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
“土地分离和共享框架”是协调物质生产和生态保护、促进土地可持续利用的重要理论。本文梳理了“土地分离与共享框架”和生态系统服务间关联,剖析生态系统服务应用于该框架的理论基础,结合美国典型土地共享案例,分析了土地利用策略选择对粮食生产、生物多样性、直接和间接生态系统服务的影响,并探讨了该框架对中国生态系统工程的启示。结果表明:随着人类对土地功能认知的不断深入,“土地分离与共享框架”的拓展表现为从单一的粮食供给服务需求演进到粮食供给服务和其他生态系统服务的综合需求。当粮食供给服务与其他服务处于权衡状态时,在生态脆弱、恢复力差的地区,不同生态系统服务间多处于凸权衡关系,一般适宜采用分离策略;在生态系统稳定、恢复力强的地区,不同生态系统服务多处于凹权衡关系,一般适宜采用共享策略。结合美国典型土地共享案例发现,其土地利用实践中选择土地功能共享策略是比较适宜的;生态系统服务作为政策评估工具,可在策略选择和评估实施效果中发挥一定作用。研究结果可为可持续土地利用提供理论与方法支撑,并为中国制定土地利用策略提供参考。
冯喆, 许学工, 周建, 高阳. 基于生态系统服务视角的“土地分离与共享框架”解析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(9): 1100-1108.
Zhe FENG, Xuegong XU, Jian ZHOU, Yang GAO. Land sparing versus sharing framework from ecosystem service perspective[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(9): 1100-1108.
表1
基于生态系统服务视角的美国典型土地共享框架解析"
策略 | 项目 | 概述 | 生物多样性或生态系统服务 | 变化 | 采样地 | 生态系统状况 | 与粮食供给服务权衡/协同状态 | 理想策略选择 | 文献 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土 地 共 享 | 保 护 储 备 计 划 | 1985年 启动,对 象为美 国范围 内自愿 参与的 农户 | 生物多样性 | 增加 周边地区减少 | 阿拉斯加腹地 新墨西哥等6州 | 脆弱 稳健 | 权衡 协同 | 分离 — | Seefeldt et al, 2010 O'Connell et al, 2012 | |
供给 服务 | 粮食供给 | 减少 | 科罗拉多州柯林斯堡 北达科塔州16县 | 稳健 稳健 | — | 共享 共享 | Reeder et al, 1998 Bangsund et al, 2004 | |||
— | ||||||||||
生物能源材料供给 | 增加 | 堪萨斯州瓦利福尔斯 | 稳健 | 权衡 | 共享 | Xu et al, 2014 | ||||
水供给 | 增加 | 俄克拉荷马州得克萨斯县 | 稳健 | 权衡 | 共享 | Rao et al, 2010 | ||||
调节 服务 | 水质净化 | 增加 增加 | 阿拉斯加腹地 伊利诺伊州费耶特县 | 脆弱 稳健 | 权衡 | 共享 | Ribaudo, 1989 Lant, 1991 | |||
权衡 | 共享 | |||||||||
土壤保持 | 增加 增加 | 阿拉斯加腹地 堪萨斯州西南部六县 | 脆弱 稳健 | 权衡 | 共享 | Seefeldt et al, 2010 Park et al, 2005 | ||||
权衡 | 共享 | |||||||||
野生动物栖息地 | 增加 | 阿拉斯加腹地 堪萨斯州芬尼县 | 脆弱 稳健 | 权衡 | 共享 | Seefeldt et al, 2010 Egbert et al, 2002 | ||||
增加 | 权衡 | 共享 | ||||||||
支持 服务 | 土壤碳 | 增加 | 科罗拉多州柯林斯堡 | 稳健 | 权衡 | 共享 | Reeder et al, 1998 | |||
土壤磷 | 增加 | 内布拉斯加州盖奇县和萨利内县 | 稳健 | 权衡 | 共享 | Bach et al, 2010 | ||||
土壤氮 | 增加 | 科罗拉多州柯林斯堡 | 稳健 | 权衡 | 共享 | Reeder et al, 1998 | ||||
文化 服务 | 娱乐狩猎 | 增加 | 北达科塔州16县 | 稳健 | 权衡 | 共享 | Bangsund et al, 2004 |
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