广州市多类型商业中心识别与空间模式

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.08.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

不同职能类型商业中心识别对研究城市商业空间结构有重要意义。与传统识别方法相比,大数据的分析更为精确和便捷。本文以广州市核心区59125条城市热点(POI)数据为基础,利用核密度分析、统计分析、最邻近距离分析等方法识别广州市多类型商业中心的边界,探索其商业空间结构与模式。结果表明：①广州市商业结构呈现明显双核集聚式分布,传统的越秀分区与现代的天河分区构成当前广州市商业空间的双中心;②不同类型的商业中心在空间上呈现显著分异,其中城市生活与公共服务中心在越秀区,商务与金融中心在天河区,休闲娱乐中心呈现分散集聚式特征;③广州市商业结构的空间模式是“圈层+组团”式分布,其中,生活、公共服务、商务职能集中分布于内圈层,娱乐休闲职能呈组团状镶嵌于各圈层中。

关键词: 商业地理, 商业空间结构, 商业中心, 城市热点(POI), 广州

Abstract:

The identification of different functional types of commercial center in a city is of great significance to understanding the spatial structure of business. Compared to the traditional methods, the analysis of big data produces more accurate result and is more convenient. Taking the 59125 POI (Point of Interest) data of Guangzhou City as the basic data, we identified the boundaries of the multi-functional commercial centers and explore their spatial structure and pattern by using the methods of kernel density analysis, statistical analysis, and nearest distance analysis. The result shows that: (1) The commercial area structure presents a clear dual-core distribution, with the Yuexiu District and the Tianhe District constituting the cores. (2) Different types of commercial centers show clear spatial variations. The urban services center and the public service center are located in the Yuexiu District and the business center and the financial center are located in the Tianhe District. Entertainment centers present the characteristics of dispersed clusters. (3) The spatial structure of business is a combination of zones and clusters. The urban services, public service, and business functions are concentrated in the inner zones and the entertainment functions can be found in all areas.

Key words: business geography, spatial structure of business, commercial center, POI (Point of Interest), Guangzhou

吴康敏, 张虹鸥, 王洋, 吴旗韬, 叶玉瑶. 广州市多类型商业中心识别与空间模式[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(8): 963-974.

Kangmin WU, Hongou ZHANG, Yang WANG, Qitao WU, Yuyao YE. Identify of the multiple types of commercial center in Guangzhou and its spatial pattern[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(8): 963-974.

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POI类	子类	POI个数	比例/%
生活类	快餐店、异国风味餐馆、中餐馆、酒吧、茶楼、咖啡店、冷饮店、地方风味餐馆、便利店、超市、小商品城、百货商城、烟酒副食店、电器商城、服装鞋帽店、体育用品店、化妆品店、花卉店、文化用品店	42792	72.38
商务类	写字楼、商务会馆	1239	2.09
金融类	银行网点、ATM、保险公司,投资机构	3423	5.79
公共服务类	药店、门诊、专科医院、综合医院、卫生站、政府机关、街道办、派出所、司法机构	4898	8.28
休闲娱乐类	动植物园、水族馆、各类体育场馆、电影院、剧场戏剧音乐厅、KTV	6773	11.45

区域	面积/km²	面积比/%	POI个数	个数比/%	POI密度/ (个/km²)
市区	326.00	100.00	58610	100.00	179.79
1st标准差曲线	44.77	13.73	30904	52.73	690.36
2st标准差曲线	16.30	5.00	15406	26.29	945.63
3st标准差曲线	6.90	2.12	8530	14.56	1236.03

热点职能类型	POI类型	POI数	比例/%	R值	平均邻近距离/m	分布特征
生活类热点	餐饮、购物	42792	72.37	0.2646	13.88	强烈集聚
商务类热点	大厦、商务会馆	1239	2.10	0.4719	126.47	一般集聚
金融类热点	金融业相关	3423	5.79	0.1914	33.48	强烈集聚
公共服务类热点	医疗机构、政府机构	4898	8.28	0.3506	51.58	比较集聚
休闲娱乐类热点	休闲娱乐类	6773	11.46	0.3692	47.03	比较集聚

商业中心类型	POI个数	数量比/%	面积/km²	面积比/%	POI密度/(个/km²)	空间位置	生长模式
生活中心	11035	25.79	14.66	4.50	752.73	多宝街、农林街、天河南	点状生长
商务中心	603	48.67	22.08	6.78	27.31	广卫街、冼村、石牌	带状延伸
金融中心	1275	37.25	21.00	6.44	60.71	农林街、冼村、石牌	带状延伸
公共服务中心	1207	24.43	15.02	4.61	80.36	多宝街、农林街、海幢	带状延伸
休闲娱乐中心	1801	26.59	17.54	5.38	102.68	金花、大塘、天河南、素社	点状生长