1978-2015年喀喇昆仑山克勒青河流域冰川变化的遥感监测

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.07.009

地理科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 878-888.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.07.009

1978-2015年喀喇昆仑山克勒青河流域冰川变化的遥感监测

许艾文, 杨太保^*(), 王聪强, 冀琴

兰州大学资源环境学院,冰川与生态地理研究所,兰州 730000

收稿日期:2015-12-01 修回日期:2016-05-01 出版日期:2016-07-20 发布日期:2016-07-20
通讯作者: 杨太保
作者简介:
作者简介：许艾文(1992-),女,湖北十堰人,硕士研究生,研究方向为冰川变化与气候响应,E-mail: xuaw92@163.com。
基金资助:
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(41271024); 兰州大学地理学基地科研训练及科研能力提高项目(J1210065)

Variation of glaciers in the Shaksgam River Basin, Karakoram Mountains during 1978-2015

Aiwen XU, Taibao YANG^*(), Congqiang WANG, Qin JI

Institute of Glaciology and Ecogeography, College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2015-12-01 Revised:2016-05-01 Online:2016-07-20 Published:2016-07-20
Contact: Taibao YANG
Supported by:
Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41271024;Scientific Research Training and Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project of Geography Base of Lanzhou University, No.J1210065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文采用1978、1991、2001和2015年的Landsat MSS、TM、ETM+和OLI遥感影像,通过遥感图像计算机辅助分类和目视解译等方法提取冰川边界,分析喀喇昆仑山克勒青河流域冰川在1978-2015年间的进退变化。结果表明：1978-2015年间研究区冰川面积由1821.70 km2减少至1675.92 km2,减少145.78 km2,占1978年冰川总面积的8.00%;冰川消融率较低,在气候变暖的背景下反而呈现出退缩速率由快变慢的趋势。研究区东南向冰川退缩率明显高于西北向,冰川退缩率随冰川规模的增大而减小。研究区内有27处冰川在1978-2015年间发生过特殊的前进现象,面积与长度显著增加。其中,木斯塔冰川西侧冰川末端在1996-1998年间前进速度为904 m/a,乔戈里冰川东侧冰川末端在2007-2009年间前进速度为446 m/a,5Y654D0097冰川末端在1978-1990年间前进速度为238 m/a,初步判定这三条冰川为跃动冰川。以10 a为滞后期分析研究区周边气象站点资料发现：研究区气温持续升高,降水量以1981年为分界点呈现“先减后增”趋势是冰川退缩速率减慢的原因之一;此外,亚大陆型冰川性质、巨大山势条件和高山冷储作用,也可能是冰川退缩幅度较小的原因。

关键词: 冰川变化, 遥感技术, 跃动冰川, 克勒青河流域

Abstract:

Based on Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI images of 1978, 1991, 2001, and 2015, glacier boundaries in the Shaksgam River Basin, Karakoram Mountains were extracted using computer aided image classification and visual interpretation methods, and the changes of glaciers in the study area were analyzed. The results show that the total area of glaciers in the study area was reduced from 1821.70 km2 to 1675.92 km2 during 1978-2015, by 145.78 km2, or 8% of the total area of glaciers. Under the background of climate warming, however, the rate of glacier retreating shifted from fast to slow in nearly 40 years. In the study area, the glacier retreat rate on the southeastern aspect was significantly higher than on the northwestern aspect. Glacier retreat rate decreased with the increase of scale of glaciers. There were 27 typical glaciers that clearly progressed during 1978-2015, with areas and lengths significant increased. Among these, the velocity of change for the western side of the Wood stark glacier was 904 m/a during 1996-1998, the velocity of change for the eastern side of the K2 glacier was 446 m/a during 2007-2009, and the velocity of change for the 5Y654D497 glacier was 238 m/a during 1978-1990, respectively. These three glaciers seem to be the surge-type glacier. By analyzing the climate records and glacier variation in the study area, it was concluded that higher temperatures led to the glacier retreat of the study area, but increasing rainfall to some extent inhibited glacier retreat. Topographic condition and the scale of glacier were key factors for glacier changes as well.

Key words: glacier change, remote sensing, glacier surging, Shaksgam River Basin

许艾文, 杨太保, 王聪强, 冀琴. 1978-2015年喀喇昆仑山克勒青河流域冰川变化的遥感监测[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(7): 878-888.

Aiwen XU, Taibao YANG, Congqiang WANG, Qin JI. Variation of glaciers in the Shaksgam River Basin, Karakoram Mountains during 1978-2015[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(7): 878-888.

图/表 11

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

表3

研究区典型冰川变化特征"

序号	冰川名称	经度/°	纬度/°	面积变化/km²				长度变化/km
序号	冰川名称	经度/°	纬度/°	1978-1991年		1991-2001年	2001-2015年	1978-1991年	1991-2001年	2001-2015年
1	5Y654D0068	36.068	76.355	-0.03	0.01	0.59		-0.33	0.21	1.60
2	木斯塔冰川	35.898	76.232	0.12	0.31	0.05		0.75	1.25	-0.32
3	木斯塔冰川	35.900	76.299	0.03	0.17	-0.13		0.22	1.11	-0.03
4	木斯塔冰川	35.907	76.255	-0.03	0.14	0.49		-0.56	0.61	1.37
5	木斯塔冰川	35.918	76.273	0.41	-0.33	0.22		1.28	-0.98	1.25
6	音苏盖提冰川	36.093	76.071	-0.07	0.12	-0.06		0.22	1.15	-0.06
7	音苏盖提冰川	36.036	76.205	0.04	0.07	0.53		0.29	0.68	0.83
8	木斯塔冰川	35.982	76.325	0.10	1.06	-1.14		0.37	2.90	-1.90
9	乔戈里冰川	35.983	76.499	-0.12	-0.31	1.37		-0.50	-0.39	2.25
10	5Y654D0023	36.009	76.391	0.03	0.01	0.15		0.23	0.22	1.33
11	乔戈里冰川	35.967	76.456	0.11	-0.09	0.21		0.58	0.38	1.11
12	5Y654D0064	36.089	76.225	0.00	0.06	0.21		-0.61	0.16	0.95
13	5Y654D0064	36.083	76.229	0.06	-0.05	0.15		0.91	-0.54	1.37
14	音苏盖提冰川	36.083	76.269	-0.04	0.09	0.21		-0.40	0.65	1.40
15	音苏盖提冰川	36.039	76.196	-0.48	-0.12	1.06		1.01	0.83	1.05
16	音苏盖提冰川	36.145	76.093	-0.07	0.28	-0.15		0.44	1.44	0.00
17	音苏盖提冰川	36.128	76.126	0.07	0.34	-0.14		0.39	1.04	-0.46
18	音苏盖提冰川	36.122	76.134	0.06	0.12	-0.06		0.23	1.22	-0.42
19	5Y654D0097	36.191	76.181	1.37	-0.33	-0.44		2.86	-0.03	-0.04
20	5Y654D0096	36.161	76.201	-0.12	-0.46	3.22		0.00	0.12	4.92
21	塔吐鲁沟冰川	36.322	76.388	0.08	0.02	0.41		0.39	0.14	1.79
22	塔吐鲁沟冰川	36.324	76.398	-0.10	-0.18	1.11		-0.08	0.16	1.71
23	蚯蚓冰川	36.068	76.768	0.01	0.05	0.24		-0.09	0.07	1.18
24	沙克斯干冰川	35.746	76.821	0.22	-0.09	0.46		0.55	-0.08	0.58
25	5Y654C0132	35.712	76.941	-0.40	0.47	0.05		-0.72	1.29	-0.02
26	特拉木坎力冰川	35.678	76.989	-0.02	0.10	-0.08		-0.47	0.91	0.19
27	5Y654D0077	36.129	76.313	-0.03	0.35	0.67		-0.18	0.52	0.84

表3

图4

表4

图5

图6

图7

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获取日期	轨道号	传感器	云量/%	分辨率/m	影像说明
1977-08-20	160/34	MSS	0	80	解译影像
1978-07-18	159/35	MSS	5	80	解译影像
1978-07-19	160/35	MSS	13	80	解译影像
1990-08-07	149/34	TM	0	30	解译影像
1991-07-02	148/35	TM	26	30	解译影像
1993-07-07	148/35	TM	1	30	参考影像
2001-07-21	148/35	ETM+	6	30	解译影像
2001-09-30	149/34	ETM+	1	30	解译影像
2002-08-09	148/35	ETM+	20	30	参考影像
2013-07-30	148/35	OLI	5	30	参考影像
2014-08-18	148/35	OLI	17	30	解译影像
2015-08-28	149/34	OLI	12	30	解译影像

年份	面积/ km2	绝对变化/km2	年均变化/(km2/a)	相对变化率/%	年均变化率/(%/a)
1978	1821.70
1991	1753.47	-68.23	-5.24	-3.75	-0.29
2001	1712.96	-40.51	-4.05	-2.31	-0.23
2015	1675.92	-37.04	-2.65	-2.16	-0.15

[1]	张震, 刘时银, 魏俊锋, 蒋宗立. 东帕米尔高原昆盖山跃动冰川遥感监测研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(11): 1545-1554.
[2]	何毅, 杨太保. 博格达峰地区气候变化特征及其对冰川变化的影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(10): 1387-1396.
[3]	李成秀, 杨太保, 田洪阵. 1990-2011年西昆仑峰区冰川变化的遥感监测[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013, 32(4): 548-559.
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1978-2015年喀喇昆仑山克勒青河流域冰川变化的遥感监测

Variation of glaciers in the Shaksgam River Basin, Karakoram Mountains during 1978-2015

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