山地区域土地生态红线划定方法与实证研究——以重庆市涪陵区义和镇为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

无序和不合理的土地利用是引发生态问题的重要因素。合理划定土地生态红线,可协调土地利用和生态环境的关系,促进土地资源的合理配置,保障区域生态安全。山地区域地势起伏较大,水系密布,土地利用破碎化,作为重要的水土保持和水源涵养区域,是进行生态恢复和重建的关键地区。本文以山地区域村镇为例,运用GIS平台,基于生态敏感性和生态服务价值,对土地生态进行综合评价,据此划定刚性和弹性的土地生态红线。生态敏感性评价的指标包括坡度、植被覆盖度、水体、土壤类型和降水侵蚀力等5个指标;生态服务价值评价的指标包括食物生产、原料生产、气体调节、气候调节、水文调节、土壤保持、维持养分循环、生物多样性和美学景观9个指标。义和镇的刚性生态红线内所包含的刚性生态保护区面积为43.90 km²,占义和镇总面积的44.34%。弹性生态红线包含的弹性生态保护区面积为29.18 km²,占义和镇总面积的29.47%。义和镇的生态红线范围主要包含东北部山地区域和南部水系丰富地区,该区域的生态敏感性较高,同时也有较高的生态服务价值,因此生态红线的划定对于生态修复和生态保护具有指引作用,为生态系统健康发展提供基础保障,并可为构建生态文明安全格局提供科学支持。

关键词: 山地区域, 土地生态红线, 生态敏感性, 生态服务价值, 重庆市义和镇

Abstract:

Unsuitable land use is an important factor contributing to ecological problems. Determining ecological red line can coordinate the relationship between land use and the ecological environment, promote reasonable allocation of land resources, and improve regional ecological security. Research on methods to determine ecological red line has theoretical and practical values. Mountain areas have rugged terrain and dense water systems, where fragmentation of land use is often serious. They are also important areas with regard to soil and water conservation and key areas for ecological restoration and reconstruction. Taking a mountainous town—Yihe in Chongqing Municipality—as an example, this study used GIS tools and took into consideration ecological sensitivity and ecosystem services value to determine the rigid and flexible ecological red lines of the study area. This study chose slope, vegetation coverage, water and soil types, and erosive force of precipitation as indicators for ecological sensitivity assessment and food production, raw material production, gas regulation, climate regulation, hydrology regulation, soil retention, nutrient cycling maintenance, biodiversity, and aesthetic as indicators for ecological service assessment. The area within the rigid ecological red line is 43.90 km², 44.34% of the total area of Yihe Town; and the area within the elastic ecological read line is 29.18 km², 29.47% of the total area. Ecological red line encloses the northern and eastern mountainous area and southern area with dense water courses of the town. The ecological sensitivity and ecological services value are high is this area. The ecological red lines determined in this study identify key areas for ecological restoration and protection, and the methods and result can support policy-making for improving ecological security of the region.

Key words: mountainous areas, ecological read line, ecological sensitivity, ecosystem services value, Yihe Town of Chongqing Municipality

丁雨賝, 冯长春, 王利伟. 山地区域土地生态红线划定方法与实证研究——以重庆市涪陵区义和镇为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(7): 851-859.

Yuchen DING, Changchun FENG, Liwei WANG. Determination of ecological red line of mountainous areas: A case study of Yihe Town in Chongqing Municipality[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(7): 851-859.

图/表 9

图1

表1

图2

表2

图3

表3

图4

表4

图5

参考文献 31

1	陈效逑, 王恒. 2009. 1982-2003年内蒙古植被带和植被覆盖度的时空变化[J]. 地理学报, 64(1): 84-94.
	[Chen X Q, Wang H.2009. Spatial and temporal variations of vegetation belts and vegetation cover degrees in Inner Mongolia from 1982 to 2003[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 64(1): 84-94.]
2	凡非得, 王克林, 宣勇, 等. 2011. 西南喀斯特区域生态环境敏感性评价及其空间分布[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 20(11): 1394-1399.
	[Fan F D, Wang K L, Xuan Y, et al.2011. Eco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial distribution in karst regions, Southwest China[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 20(11): 1394-1399.]
3	冯长春. 2008. 中国土地储备制度探讨[J]. 农业工程学报, 24(S1): 247-249.
	[Feng C C.2008. Research on the land reserve system of China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 24(S1): 247-249.]
4	冯长春, 曹敏政, 谢婷婷. 2014. 不同生态保育尺度下铜陵市土地利用结构优化[J]. 地理研究, 33(12): 2217-2227. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201412001
	[Feng C C, Cao M Z, Xie T T.2014. Optimization of land use structure in Tongling City based on different ecological conservation scales[J]. Geographical Research, 33(12): 2217-2227.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201412001
5	傅伯杰, 刘世梁, 马克明. 2001. 生态系统综合评价的内容与方法[J]. 生态学报, 21(11): 1885-1892. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2001.11.020
	[Fu B J, Liu S L, Ma K M.2001. The contents and methods of integrated ecosystem assessment[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 21(11): 1885-1892.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2001.11.020
6	李广娣, 冯长春, 曹敏政. 2013. 基于土地生态敏感性评价的城市空间增长策略研究: 以铜陵市为例[J]. 城市发展研究, 20(11): 69-74.
	[Li G D, Feng C C, Cao M Z.2013. Study of urban spatial growth strategy based on ecological sensitivity assessment: A case study of Tongling[J]. Urban Development Studies, 20(11): 69-74.]
7	李力, 王景福. 2014. 生态红线制度建设的理论和实践[J]. 生态经济, 30(8): 138-140. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4407.2014.08.032
	[Li L, Wang J F.2014. Institutional construction of ecological red line: Theory and practice[J]. Ecological Economy, 30(8): 138-140.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4407.2014.08.032
8	李双成, 王珏, 朱文博, 等. 2014. 基于空间与区域视角的生态系统服务地理学框架[J]. 地理学报, 69(11): 1628-1639. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201411004
	[Li S C, Wang J, Zhu W B, et al.2014. Research framework of ecosystem services geography from spatial and regional perspectives[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 69(11): 1628-1639.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201411004
9	李正, 王军, 白中科, 等. 2012. 贵州省土地利用及其生态系统服务价值与灰色预测[J]. 地理科学进展, 31(5): 577-583. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2012.05.005
	[Li Z, Wang J, Bai Z K, et al.2012. Land use and ecosystem service values and their grey forecast in Guizhou Province[J]. Progress in Geography, 31(5): 577-583.] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2012.05.005
10	刘春霞, 李月臣, 杨华, 等. 2011. 三峡库区重庆段生态与环境敏感性综合评价[J]. 地理学报, 66(5): 631-642.
	[Liu C X, Li Y C, Yang H, et al.2011. RS and GIS-based assessment for eco-environmental sensitivity of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(5): 631-642.]
11	马永欢, 张丽君, 黄先栋. 2014. 确立我国土地管理红线的战略思考[J]. 中国软科学, (1): 29-35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-9753.2014.01.006
	[Ma Y H, Zhang L J, Huang X D.2014. The strategic thinking on establishing red lines of land management[J]. China Soft Science, (1): 29-35.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-9753.2014.01.006
12	欧阳志云, 王效科, 苗鸿. 2000. 中国生态环境敏感性及其区域差异规律研究[J]. 生态学报, 20(1): 9-12.
	[Ouyang Z Y, Wang X K, Miao H.2000. China’s eco-environmental sensitivity and it’s spatial heterogeneity[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 20(1): 9-12.]
13	潘峰, 田长彦, 邵峰, 等. 2011. 新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究[J]. 地理学报, 66(11): 1497-1507.
	[Pan F, Tian C Y, Shao F, et al.2011. Evaluation of ecological sensitivity in Karamay, Xinjiang, Northwest China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(11): 1497-1507.]
14	潘竟虎, 董晓峰. 2006. 基于GIS的黑河流域生态环境敏感性评价与分区[J]. 自然资源学报, 21(2): 267-273. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2006.02.015
	[Pan J H, Dong X F.2006. GIS-based assessment and division on eco-environmental sensitivity in the Heihe River Basin[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 21(2): 267-273.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2006.02.015
15	冉圣宏, 宋晓龙, 李晓文, 等. 2009. 衡水湖国家自然保护区生态敏感性分析[J]. 地域研究与开发, 28(4): 129-133.
	[Ran S H, Song X L, Li X W, et al.2009. The ecological sensitivity analysis in Heng-shui Lake National Nature Reserve[J]. Areal Research and Development, 28(4): 129-133.]
16	王兵, 鲁绍伟. 2009. 中国经济林生态系统服务价值评估[J]. 应用生态学报, 20(2): 417-425.
	[Wang B, Lu S W.2009. Evaluation of economic forest ecosystem services in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20(2): 417-425.]
17	王万中, 焦菊英, 郝小品, 等. 1996. 中国降雨侵蚀力R值的计算与分布(Ⅱ)[J]. 土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 2(1): 29-39.
	[Wang W Z, Jiao J Y, Hao X P, et al.1996. Distribution of rainfall erosivity R value in China[J]. Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation, 2(1): 29-39.]
18	王云才, 吕东, 彭震伟, 等. 2015. 基于生态网络规划的生态红线划定研究: 以安徽省宣城市南漪湖地区为例[J]. 城市规划学刊, (3): 28-35.
	[Wang Y C, Lv D, Peng Z W, et al.2015. The demarcation of ecological red line based on ecological network planning: A case study of Nanyi Lake region in Anhui Province[J]. Urban Planning Forum, (3): 28-35.]
19	吴钢, 肖寒, 赵景柱, 等. 2001. 长白山森林生态系统服务功能[J]. 中国科学: 生命科学, 31(5): 471-480. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-9259.2001.05.013
	[Wu G, Xiao H, Zhao J Z, et al.2002. Forest ecosystem services of Changbai mountain in China[J]. Science in China: Life Sciences, 45(1): 21-32.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-9259.2001.05.013
20	谢高地, 鲁春霞, 成升魁. 2001. 全球生态系统服务价值评估研究进展[J]. 资源科学, 23(6): 5-9. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-7588.2001.06.002
	[Xie G D, Lu C X, Cheng S K.2001. Progress in evaluating the global ecosystem services[J]. Resources Science, 23(6): 5-9.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-7588.2001.06.002
21	谢高地, 张彩霞, 张昌顺, 等. 2015. 中国生态系统服务的价值[J]. 资源科学, 37(9): 1740-1746.
	[Xie G D, Zhang C X, Zhang C S, et al.2015. The value of ecosystem services in China[J]. Resources Science, 37(9): 1740-1746.]
22	徐广才, 康慕谊, 赵从举, 等. 2007. 阜康市生态敏感性评价研究[J]. 北京师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 43(1): 88-92. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0476-0301.2007.01.023
	[Xu G C, Kang M Y, Zhao C J, et al.2007. Appraisal of eco-sensitivity on Fukang City[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University: Natural Science, 43(1): 88-92.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0476-0301.2007.01.023
23	许妍, 梁斌, 鲍晨光, 等. 2013. 渤海生态红线划定的指标体系与技术方法研究[J]. 海洋通报, 32(4): 361-367. doi: 10.11840/j.issn.1001-6392.2013.04.001
	[Xu Y, Liang B, Bao C G, et al.2013. Research on the index system and the technical methods of ecological red line division for the Bohai Sea[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 32(4): 361-367.] doi: 10.11840/j.issn.1001-6392.2013.04.001
24	燕守广, 林乃峰, 沈渭寿. 2014. 江苏省生态红线区域划分与保护[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 30(3): 294-299. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4831.2014.03.004
	[Yan S G, Lin N F, Shen W S.2014. Delineation and protection of ecological red lines in Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 30(3): 294-299.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4831.2014.03.004
25	颜磊, 许学工, 谢正磊, 等. 2009. 北京市域生态敏感性综合评价[J]. 生态学报, 29(6): 3117-3125.
	[Yan L, Xu X G, Xie Z L, et al.2009. Integrated assessment on ecological sensitivity for Beijing[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29(6): 3117-3125.]
26	杨志峰, 徐俏, 何孟常, 等. 2002. 城市生态敏感性分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 22(4): 360-364. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.2002.04.018
	[Yang Z F, Xu Q, He M C, et al.2002. Analysis of city ecosensitivity[J]. China Environmental Science, 22(4): 360-364.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.2002.04.018
27	禹莎, 王原, 李敬, 等. 2008. 北方小型工业城市生态敏感性评价研究: 以沙河市大沙河古河道地区为例[J]. 复旦学报: 自然科学版, 47(4): 501-508.
	[Yu S, Wang Y, Li J, et al.2008. Appraisal of eco-sensitivity on small-sized industrial city in northern China: Set the Shahe City as an example[J]. Journal of Fudan University: Natural Science, 47(4): 501-508.]
28	赵同谦, 欧阳志云, 郑华, 等. 2004. 中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J]. 自然资源学报, 19(4): 480-491. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2004.04.010
	[Zhao T Q, Ouyang Z Y, Zheng H, et al.2004. Forest ecosystem services and their valuation in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 19(4): 480-491.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2004.04.010
29	Costanza R, D’Arge R, Groot R, et al.1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature, 387: 253-260. doi: 10.1038/387253a0
30	Daily G C.1997. Nature’s services: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems[M]. Washington DC: Island Press.
31	Repetto R.1992. Accounting for environmental assets[J]. Scientific American, 266(6): 94-100.

生态敏感性因子	权重	一般敏感	轻度敏感	中度敏感	高度敏感	极敏感
坡度/°	0.25	≤2	2~6	6~15	15~25	>25
植被覆盖度/%	0.25	≤20	20~40	40~60	60~80	>80
水体/m	0.15	≥500	350~500	200~350	100~200	<100
土壤类型	0.15	水稻土	新积土、山地草甸土	棕壤、黄褐土、石灰(岩)土	黄壤、黄棕壤、粗骨土	紫色土
降雨侵蚀力R值/ (MJ·mm·hm^-2·h^-1·a^-1)	0.20	≤250	250~300	300~350	350~400	>400

生态敏感性	一般敏感	轻度敏感	中度敏感	高度敏感	极敏感
敏感性总分	(1,3]	(3,4]	(4,5]	(5,6]	(6,7.6]
面积/km²	10.755	27.245	24.495	18.693	11.665
百分比/%	11.58	29.34	26.38	20.13	12.56

	供给服务		调节服务			支持服务			文化服务	总和
生态系统分类	食物生产	原料生产	气体调节	气候调节		水文调节	土壤保持	维持养分循环	生物多样性	美学景观
农田	507.82	112.59	409.01	213.70	687.05	238.97	71.23	78.13	34.47	2352.97
林地	137.87	314.80	1038.62	3108.96	1895.71	1266.10	96.51	1151.21	505.52	9515.30
草地	174.63	257.36	905.34	2394.34	1755.54	1102.96	82.72	1001.85	441.18	8115.92
湿地	234.38	229.78	873.17	1654.43	11135.27	1061.60	82.72	3616.78	2173.74	21061.88
荒漠	0.00	0.00	9.19	0.00	13.79	9.19	0.00	9.19	4.60	45.96
水域	367.65	105.70	353.87	1052.40	46985.95	427.40	32.17	1171.89	868.58	51365.61
城镇用地	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	165.20	165.20

生态服务价值	极低价值	低价值	一般价值	高价值	极高价值
服务价值评分	(0, 0.11]	(0.11, 3.93]	(3.93, 6.61]	(6.61, 22.66]	(22.66, 100]
面积/km²	8.57	26.80	25.89	23.68	14.07
百分比/%	8.66	27.07	26.15	23.92	14.21

[1]	温晓金, 杨海娟, 刘焱序. 基于地形因子的千米尺度景观生态廊道布局研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013, 32(2): 298-307.
[2]	胡世辉1\|章力建2. 西藏工布自然保护区生态系统服务价值评估与管理[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(2): 217-224.
[3]	郝慧梅, 任志远, 薛亮, 姜雁飞. 基于3S 的榆林市土地利用/覆盖变化生态效应定量研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2007, 26(3): 96-106.