基于全球—地方视角的创新网络研究进展

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球化、创新驱动是新时代的重要特征之一,创新网络成为经济地理学者关注的热点领域之一。在评述现有创新网络研究成果的基础上,本文界定了全球—地方创新网络的内涵和特征,论述了其类型、结构、作用机理和分析方法,并得出结论：全球创新网络与地方创新网络是不可分割的有机体,地方创新网络是全球创新网络的子系统,知识流是创新网络各主体之间联系的重要纽带,行业协会、技术联盟与成员之间的多次协商是全球—地方创新网络的重要组织方式,而网络知识测量方法则能较好地实现定性分析结论与统计计算结论的融合,能较好地刻画、模拟全球—地方创新网络的形态、结构、演变和机理。从服务国家建设和推动中国创新地理学发展的目标出发,有必要开展基于中国国情和视角的全球—地方创新网络机理与区域经济增长之间互动关系的研究,启动不同产业领域的全球—地方创新网络的比较分析,检验网络知识测量方法的可靠性和准确性。

关键词: 全球—地方化, 创新网络, 网络知识, 创新地理学, 研究进展

Abstract:

Against the background of economic globalization and technological development, innovation network has been a heated topic in the field of economic geography research. However, the scale of research of innovation network remains debatable. Among the global, nation, and local scales, which one is important? The concept of “glocalization” provides a new perspective to this research. Glocalization refers to the twin process whereby, firstly, institutional arrangements shift from the national scale both upwards to the global scale and downwards to local configurations and, secondly, economic activities and inter firm networks are becoming simultaneously more localized/ regionalized and transnational. Based on solid theoretical reviews, this article defines the concept of glocal innovation network and then discusses the main issues and research methods of glocal innovation networks. In this article, glocal innovation network is defined as the sum of knowledge network channels of various innovators, for example, firms, universities, and research institutes, which increasingly connect globally scattered innovation resources together. Local innovation networks, which are the sub-networks of global innovation networks, are connected by trans-local knowledge flows. Glocal innovation networks are organized by the negotiation among industrial associations and technology alliances and their members. Network knowledge measurement is the suitable method to analyze the structure, evolution, and mechanism of glocal innovation network. The concept of glocal innovation networks provides a new perspective to analyze the approaches of local/regional innovation capabilities promotion and economic development by utilizing global and local knowledge. We conclude that existing research remains at the stage of conceptual discussion and case studies. Therefore, the following issues should be further studied: (1) glocal innovation network evolution dynamics and its connection with economic development; (2) comparative study of glocal networks of different industries and technologies; (3) characteristics of Chinese glocal innovation networks, which can provide empirical evidence of latecomer regions in the catching-up process for further theoretical discussion.

Key words: glocalization, innovation network, network knowledge, innovation geography, research progress

司月芳, 曾刚, 曹贤忠, 朱贻文. 基于全球—地方视角的创新网络研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(5): 600-609.

Yuefang SI, Gang ZENG, Xianzhong CAO, Yiwen ZHU. Research progress of glocal innovation networks[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(5): 600-609.

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创新网络理论	主体特征	创新主体与合作方式	代表文献
全球创新网络	“子公司—子公司”内部合作创新网络(intrafirm)	跨国公司内部总公司、子公司之间垂直合作	Yeung, 1994; Bathelt et al, 2014
地方创新网络	“企业—企业” 外部合作创新网络(interfirm);“企业—高校”外部合作创新网络(firm-institution)	客户、供应商、同行企业、高等院校、研究机构之间产学研水平合作	Tether, 2002; Doloreux, 2004; Amara et al, 2005; Fischer et al, 2001; Fritsch et al, 2004; Nieto et al, 2010
全球—地方创新网络	“联盟—协会”合作创新网络(umbrella organization)	地方技术联盟、国际行业协会之间的企业间垂直合作与产学研水平合作并举

合作内容与方式	全球	地方/区域
合作内容	编码知识	缄默知识
联系方式	正式联系	非正式联系

衡量指标	指标内涵	衡量方法	代表文献
关系强度	与主要创新伙伴合作交流的频率	区间划分法;分别赋值法;因素提取法	Van de Ven et al, 1980; Zhao et al, 1995; Uzzi, 1997
关系持久度	与主要创新伙伴合作交流时间长短	区间划分法;分别赋值法;因素提取法	Ostgaard et al, 1996; Shoham et al, 1997
关系质量	与主要创新伙伴的之间的满意、信任和承诺程度	李科特7分值量表;因素提取法	Walter et al, 2003; Dorsch et al, 1998; Crosby et al, 1990
网络规模	主要的创新伙伴数量	过去N年主要的创新伙伴数量,按区间分别赋值	Powell, 1998
网络范围	与主要创新合作伙伴交流方式之和	直接加总测算	Burt et al, 1994; Greve et al, 2003
网络异质性	主要创新合作伙伴的差异程度(包括类型、背景、区域)	按0~1赋值	Agresti et al, 1978; Landstr?m et al, 2001