北京市等时间交通圈的范围、形态与结构特征

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

不同层次和范围的交通圈是经济社会空间组织的重要依据。本文运用网络分析与成本加权距离集成算法,设计了定量界定交通圈的技术路线。在此基础上,以通勤便捷为目标,提出1小时交通圈内部圈层的划分方法和轨道交通服务指数,据此分析了北京1小时交通圈的内部层次和结构特征;以经济分工协调为目标,基于时空距离与交通方式,划分北京一日交通圈的圈层,并提出交通廊道的界定方法,据此探讨了北京一日交通圈内部各廊道地区的空间范围与经济基础。结果显示：北京市等时间交通圈的形态受高速交通影响较大,具有显著的偏向式延伸特点,并在边缘地带形成少量“岛”;轨道交通对北京市1小时交通圈的支撑力度较弱,未来应加强重点方向的轨道交通建设;根据各廊道的具体情况,京津廊道、京唐廊道是京津冀协同发展的重要载体,京石廊道宜定位为承接北京地区产业转移的重点地区,京承廊道与京张廊道则适宜发展生态型经济。

关键词: 交通圈, 范围, 形态, 结构, 京津冀

Abstract:

Traffic circles of different hierarchies and scopes are an important basis for the spatial organization of socioeconomic activities. With the integration of network analysis and cost-weighted distance analysis, a technical framework was designed for the quantitative identification of traffic circles. Taking commuting convenience as the primary factor, a classification of hierarchies within one hour traffic circles and a rail transportation service index were put forward. The hierarchical and structural characteristics of the one hour traffic circle of Beijing were analyzed with real-time data. Then, taking the coordination of economic activities as the primary factor, the zones inside the one day traffic circle of Beijing were divided on the basis of travel time and modes of transport. According to the spatial convergence effect of transportation infrastructure, traffic corridors were identified, and the spatial scope and economic foundation of traffic corridors inside the one day traffic circle of Beijing were analyzed with real-time data. The results indicate that the scope and shape of traffic circles of equal travel time in Beijing are greatly influenced by high-speed transportation infrastructure. These circles have significantly greater extension along high-speed transport infrastructure, and there are some “islands” on the fringe. Rail transportation provides little support within the one hour traffic circle and construction of rail transportation infrastructure in the key directions should be a priority in the future. With regard to the traffic corridors inside the one day traffic circle of Beijing, the Beijing-Tianjin corridor and Beijing-Tangshan corridor are important transport lines for the collaborative development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province. The Beijing-Shijiazhuang corridor should become an important recipient area for industrial transfer of Beijing. The Beijing-Chengde corridor and Beijing-Zhangjiakou corridor are suitable for developing ecological or green economy.

Key words: traffic circle, scope, shape, structure, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

陈卓, 金凤君. 北京市等时间交通圈的范围、形态与结构特征[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(3): 389-375.

Zhuo CHEN, Fengjun JIN. Scope, shape, and structural characteristics of traffic circles of equal travel time in Beijing[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(3): 389-375.

图/表 14

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

图6

图7

图8

表3

图9

图10

表4

参考文献 20

1	黄翌, 李陈, 欧向军, 等. 2013. 城际“1小时交通圈”地学定量研究: 以上海主城区为例[J]. 地理科学, 33(2): 157-166.
	[Huang Y, Li C, Ou X J, et al.2013. Geoscience quantitative research on intercity "one hour traffic circle": A case of Shanghai main city[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 33(2): 157-166.]
2	金凤君, 王姣娥. 2004. 20世纪中国铁路网扩展及其空间通达性[J]. 地理学报, 59(2): 293-302.
	[Jin F J, Wang J E.2004. Railway network expansion and spatial accessibility analysis in China: 1906-2000[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 59(2): 293-302.]
3	李廉水, Stough R R, 施卫东, 等. 2006. 都市圈发展: 理论演化·国际经验·中国特色[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
	[Li L S, Stough R R, Shi W D, et al.2006. Dushiquan fazhan: Lilun yanhua, guoji jingyan, Zhongguo tese[M]. Beijing, China: Science Press.]
4	王德, 郭玖玖. 2008. 北京市一日交流圈的空间特征及其动态变化研究[J]. 现代城市研究, (5): 68-75.
	[Wang D, Guo J J.2008. The daily communication area of Beijing: Spatial characteristics and dynamics[J]. Modern Urban Research, (5): 68-75.]
5	吴必虎, 唐俊雅, 黄安民, 等. 1997. 中国城市居民旅游目的地选择行为研究[J]. 地理学报, 52(2): 97-103.
	[Wu B H, Tang J Y, Huang A M, et al.1997. A study on destination choice behavior of Chinese urban residents[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 52(2): 97-103.]
6	邬伦, 于海龙, 高振纪, 等. 2002. GIS不确定性框架体系与数据不确定性研究方法[J]. 地理学与国土研究, 18(4): 1-5. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0504.2002.04.001
	[Wu L, Yu H L, Gao Z J, et al.2002. The frame of GIS uncertainty and methods of GIS data uncertainty[J]. Geography and Territorial Research, 18(4): 1-5.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0504.2002.04.001
7	张超亚, 张小林, 李红波. 2015. 快速交通对区域中心城市日常可达性影响: 以长江三角洲地区为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 24(2): 194-201. doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201502003
	[Zhang C Y, Zhang X L, Li H B.2015. Influence of rapid transit on daily accessibility of regional center cities: A case study of Yangtze River Delta[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 24(2): 194-201.] doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201502003
8	张莉, 陆玉麒. 2006. 基于陆路交通网的区域可达性评价: 以长江三角洲为例[J]. 地理学报, 61(12): 1235-1246.
	[Zhang L, Lu Y Q.2006. Assessment on regional accessibility based on land transportation network: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 61(12): 1235-1246.]
9	张亦汉, 褚浣桦. 2013. 基于城市交通网络的广州“1小时交通圈”划分[J]. 热带地理, 33(6): 695-702.
	[Zhang Y H, Chu H H.2013. One-hour traffic circle of Guangzhou based on transportation network[J]. Tropical Geography, 33(6): 695-702.]
10	朱杰, 管卫华, 蒋志欣, 等. 2007. 江苏省城市经济影响区格局变化[J]. 地理学报, 62(10): 1023-1033. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.10.002
	[Zhu J, Guan W H, Jiang Z X, et al.2007. The evolution of urban economic effect regions in Jiangsu Province since 1978[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 62(10): 1023-1033.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.10.002
11	Berry B J L.1970. The geography of the United States in the year 2000[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 51: 21-53. doi: 10.2307/621761
12	Green N.2007. Functional poly centricity: A formal definition in terms of social network analysis[J]. Urban Studies, 44(11): 2077-2103. doi: 10.1080/00420980701518941
13	Jin F J, Wang C J, Li X W, et al.2010. China's regional transport dominance: Density, proximity, and accessibility[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 20(2): 295-309. doi: 10.1007/s11442-010-0295-6
14	Kwan M P, Murray A T, O'Kelly M E, et al.2003. Recent advances in accessibility research: Representation, methodology and applications[J]. Journal of Geographical Systems, 5(1): 129-138. doi: 10.1007/s101090300107
15	Miller H J, Wu Y H.2000. GIS software for measuring space-time accessibility in transportation planning and analysis[J]. Geo Informatica, 4(2): 141-159. doi: 10.1023/A:1009820006075
16	Ortega E, López E, Monzón A.2012. Territorial cohesion impacts of high-speed rail at different planning levels[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 24: 130-141. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.10.008
17	Radke J, Mu L.2000. Spatial decompositions, modeling and mapping service regions to predict access to social programs[J]. Geographic Information Sciences: A Journal of the Association of Chinese Professionals in Geographic Information Systems, 6(2): 105-112. doi: 10.1080/10824000009480538
18	Smith S L J.1983. Recreation geography[M]. London, UK: Longman Group Limited.
19	Tong G J, Wang T K.2011. The economic disparities of Shenyang economic region with cluster analysis[M]//Dai M L. Innovative computing and information. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
20	Yiu A.2006. Tokyo and beyond: Reading Japan from the metropolis introduction[J]. Japan Forum, 18(3): 291-293. doi: 10.1080/09555800600946845

交通方式	区域交通基础设施							城市交通基础设施
交通方式	高铁		普铁	高速公路	国道	省道	县道	城郊铁路	地铁	快速路	主要街道
时速/(km/h)	300	120	120	80	60	40		60	45	60	30

圈层	核心区			中间区			边缘区
圈层	15 min		30 min		15 min	30 min	15 min	30 min
面积/km²	553.21	1042.38		20.26	49.85		0.00	2.81
地铁服务指数a_i	20.28	38.22		1.88	4.62		0.00	0.15

交通圈	面积			县(区)数量		人口			GDP
交通圈	数量/km²		占比/%		数量/个	占比/%	数量/万人	占比/%	数量/亿元	占比/%
1小时交通圈	8787.05	4.03		33	16.50	3381.41	31.02		25072.39	37.71
2小时交通圈	43859.27	20.12		102	51.00	6371.15	58.45		46189.60	69.46
3小时交通圈	109327.41	50.15		165	82.50	9416.10	86.39		58094.11	87.36
普通公路圈	49505.85	22.71		62	31.00	5094.12	46.74		38880.60	58.47
高速公路圈	74331.17	34.10		104	52.00	6475.91	59.41		46399.88	69.77
高铁圈	109327.41	50.15		165	82.50	9416.10	86.39		58094.11	87.36

廊道	面积			县(区)数量		人口			GDP
廊道	总值/km²		占比/%		总值/个	占比/%	总值/万人	占比/%	总值/亿元	占比/%
京石廊道	37978.21	17.42		76	38.00	3702.80	33.97		12696.89	19.09
京津廊道	27882.37	12.79		37	18.50	2105.03	19.31		17221.00	25.90
京唐廊道	8112.79	3.72		21	10.50	966.91	8.87		6977.89	10.49
京承廊道	8029.13	3.68		7	3.50	191.54	1.76		715.08	1.08
京张廊道	4909.25	2.25		11	5.50	461.00	4.23		1561.10	2.35

[1]	胡蝶, 周尚意, 陈子雄, 顾俐俐. 快速城镇化背景下“中国传统村落”命名手段的效果分析——以江西省的空间制图分析为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(1): 104-113.
[2]	晏龙旭, 王德, 张尚武. 城市中心体系研究的理论基础与分析框架[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(9): 1576-1586.
[3]	孙娜, 张梅青. 基于高铁流的中国城市网络结构特征演变研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(5): 727-737.
[4]	郭庆宾, 骆康, 刘承良. 长江经济带城市群要素集聚能力差异的比较研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(4): 542-552.
[5]	徐宁, 李仙德. 上海上市公司对外投资网络演变及其影响因素研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(4): 553-566.
[6]	张凤, 陈彦光, 刘鹏. 京津冀城镇体系与水系结构的时空关系研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 377-388.
[7]	卢明华, 周悦颜, 刘汉初, 许欣. 北京企业对河北直接投资的时空动态特征及影响因素[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 389-401.
[8]	袁文华, 李建春, 秦晓楠, 起晓星. 基于FCS框架的城市文化产业景观生态特征及网络关联[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 474-487.
[9]	罗奎, 李广东, 劳昕. 京津冀城市群产业空间重构与优化调控[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(2): 179-194.
[10]	刘骁啸, 吴康. 功能疏解背景下京津冀中部核心区产业投资网络演化研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(12): 1972-1984.
[11]	付慧, 刘艳军, 孙宏日, 周国磊. 京津冀地区耕地利用转型时空分异及驱动机制[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(12): 1985-1998.
[12]	曹晨, 甄峰, 汪侠, 姜玉培. 基于结构方程模型的南京市就业者通勤行为特征对健康的影响研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(12): 2043-2053.
[13]	谢永顺, 王成金, 韩增林, 刘书舟. 哈大城市带网络结构韧性演化研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(10): 1619-1631.
[14]	牛强, 沈英杰, 周燚, 黄经南, 王盼. 基于滞后变量模型的城市群建设用地增长对经济增长的滞后期和效应分析——以京津冀城市群为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(10): 1656-1666.
[15]	罗静,蒋亮,罗名海,田玲玲,陈国磊,田野,吴益坤. 武汉市新城区乡村发展水平评价及规模等级结构研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(9): 1370-1381.