东北地区土地利用多功能性演化的时空格局

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土地利用多功能性是根据社会经济目标进行土地利用的过程,是确保社会经济与生态环境协调发展的关键。本文通过构建“社会—经济—生态”三维土地利用多功能性评价指标体系,对1990-2013年东北地区土地利用多功能性进行综合评价,旨在阐释其土地利用多功能性演化的时空格局。研究表明：1990-2013年东北地区土地利用功能值均呈现上升态势但增速有所差异,黑龙江、吉林、辽宁土地利用功能发展程度依次递增,其年均增长率分别为2.976%、2.725%、2.261%;黑龙江和吉林社会功能值呈现波动性增长,辽宁则表现为阶段性变化;黑龙江经济系统功能值逐渐增大,而吉林和辽宁经济功能值总体呈现上升趋势,但在2000-2005年有所波动;黑龙江与吉林生态系统功能值呈现由基本稳定转变为波动增长的趋势,而辽宁则始终具有较大波动性;经济功能中的土地的生产功能与交通功能对东北地区省域土地利用功能均有较大影响,经济和社会因素对黑龙江与吉林土地利用功能多样性影响较大,生态因素则对其影响较小,而经济、社会和生态因素对辽宁土地利用功能均有较大影响。

关键词: 土地利用, 多功能性评价, 时空格局, 东北地区

Abstract:

Multi-functionality of land use is the result of the process of land utilization according to the socioeconomic goals, which is the key to ensuring the coordinated development of the socioeconomic and ecological environments. By constructing a social-economic-ecological multi-functional land use evaluation indicator system, this article comprehensively examines the multi-functionality of land use from 1990 to 2013 in Northeast China, which aims to explain the spatiotemporal patterns of multi-functionality of land use in the area. The results show that functional values of land use showed an upward trend during 1990-2013 in Northeast China, but the growth rates differed. The development levels of land use functions in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces were in an ascending order, and the average annual growth rates were 2.976%, 2.725%, and 2.261%, respectively. The social function values of Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces increased with some fluctuations, but Liaoning Province showed a periodical change. The economic function values of Heilongjiang Province increased, but that of Jilin and Liaoning Provinces showed an overall upward trend yet fluctuated in 2000 to 2005. The ecological function values of Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces were stable at the beginning of the period then showed an increasing trend with some fluctuations, whereas in Liaoning Province it always showed greater volatility. Land production and transportation, which are important parts of the economic function, had a great impact on the land use functionality of the three provinces in Northeast China. Economic and social factors had a greater impact on the multi-functionality of land use in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces, while ecological factors played a smaller role. But in Liaoning Province, economic, social, and ecological factors all had important impacts on the multi-functionality of land use.

Key words: land use, multi-functionality evaluation, spatiotemporal patterns, Northeast China

杜国明, 孙晓兵, 王介勇. 东北地区土地利用多功能性演化的时空格局[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(2): 232-244.

Guoming DU, Xiaobing SUN, Jieyong WANG. Spatiotemporal patterns of multi-functionality of land use in Northeast China[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(2): 232-244.

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决策层	目标层与权重	因素层	因素权重	指标层	指标权重	指标属性
土地利用功能	社会功能 (0.295)	就业支持功能	0.258	农业从业人员	0.490	+
		就业支持功能	0.258	城镇登记失业率	0.510	-
		社会保障功能	0.440	农民人均纯收入	0.435	+
				综合恩格尔系数	0.256	-
				城乡收入比	0.309	-
		居住家园功能	0.302	人口密度	0.314	-
		居住家园功能	0.302	城镇人均绿地面积	0.686	+
	经济功能 (0.442)	生物生产性土地的生产功能	0.112	土地垦殖率	0.442	+
				粮食单产	0.303	+
				地均畜牧产品产出量	0.255	+
		人工化土地的生产功能	0.541	人均GDP	0.349	+
				第二三产业比例	0.148	+
				固定投资总额	0.503	+
		交通功能	0.347	客运周转量占全国的比重	0.217	+
				货运周转量占全国的比重	0.240	+
				交通网密度	0.543	+
	生态功能 (0.263)	资源维持与供给功能	0.251	地均水资源量	1.000	+
		减轻污染物排放功能	0.423	工业废水达标率	0.476	+
		减轻污染物排放功能	0.423	水土流失治理面积	0.524	+
		景观保育功能	0.326	森林覆盖率	0.484	+
		景观保育功能	0.326	自然保护区面积比例	0.516	+

指标	最不可持续阈值上限	可持续临界阈值	最可持续阈值下限
农业从业人员x1/%	15	35	60
城镇登记失业率x2/%	6	4	2
农民人均纯收入x3/元	1000	3500	9000
综合恩格尔系数/x4	0.60	0.40	0.20
城乡收入比/x5	3	2	1
人口密度x6/人/km²	300	150	50
城镇人均绿地面积x7/m²	5	10	18
土地垦殖率x8/%	15	25	35
粮食单产x9/(kg/hm²)	1000	4500	8000
人均畜牧产品产出量x10/kg	10	35	60
人均GDPx11/元	2000	20000	38000
第二三产业比例x12/%	70	80	90
固定投资总额x13/亿元	500	5000	10000
客运周转量占全国的比重x14/%	1.0	3.5	7.0
货运周转量占全国的比重x15/%	1.0	3.5	7.0
交通网密度x16/(km/km²)	0.15	0.30	0.45
地均水资源量x17/(m³/hm²)	1000	2300	4500
工业废水达标率x18/%	65	80	95
水土流失治理面积x19/10⁴km²	2	4	6
森林覆盖率x20/%	10	35	50
自然保护区面积比例x21/%	5	10	20

时段	增长量(β)			增长率(ν)			倍比系数(γ)
时段	黑龙江	吉林	辽宁	黑龙江	吉林	辽宁	黑龙江	吉林	辽宁
1990-1991	0.072	0.052	-0.031	0.038	0.026	-0.012	1.038	1.026	0.988
1991-1992	-0.005	0.149	0.117	-0.003	0.074	0.048	0.997	1.074	1.048
1992-1993	0.221	-0.010	0.191	0.113	-0.005	0.074	1.113	0.995	1.074
1993-1994	0.001	0.115	0.006	0.001	0.053	0.002	1.001	1.053	1.002
1994-1995	0.015	0.019	0.074	0.007	0.008	0.027	1.007	1.008	1.027
1995-1996	0.130	-0.030	0.112	0.059	-0.013	0.040	1.059	0.987	1.040
1996-1997	0.041	0.060	0.005	0.018	0.027	0.002	1.018	1.027	1.002
1997-1998	0.069	0.074	-0.064	0.029	0.032	-0.021	1.029	1.032	0.979
1998-1999	0.054	0.126	-0.023	0.022	0.053	-0.008	1.022	1.053	0.992
1999-2000	0.075	0.113	0.100	0.030	0.045	0.035	1.030	1.045	1.035
2000-2001	0.150	0.039	0.025	0.058	0.015	0.008	1.058	1.015	1.008
2001-2002	0.029	-0.013	0.068	0.011	-0.005	0.023	1.011	0.995	1.023
2002-2003	0.041	0.115	0.120	0.015	0.043	0.039	1.015	1.043	1.039
2003-2004	0.028	0.049	0.053	0.010	0.018	0.017	1.010	1.018	1.017
2004-2005	0.064	0.071	0.165	0.023	0.025	0.051	1.023	1.025	1.051
2005-2006	0.089	0.190	0.078	0.031	0.066	0.023	1.031	1.066	1.023
2006-2007	0.018	0.068	0.039	0.006	0.022	0.011	1.006	1.022	1.011
2007-2008	0.091	0.114	0.273	0.031	0.036	0.078	1.031	1.036	1.078
2008-2009	0.099	0.033	0.049	0.032	0.010	0.013	1.032	1.010	1.013
2009-2010	0.083	0.154	0.254	0.026	0.047	0.066	1.026	1.047	1.066
2010-2011	0.050	0.080	-0.028	0.015	0.023	-0.007	1.015	1.023	0.993
2011-2012	0.058	0.107	0.112	0.017	0.030	0.028	1.017	1.030	1.028
2012-2013	0.324	-0.016	-0.058	0.096	-0.004	-0.014	1.096	0.996	0.986

单项指标	黑龙江省	吉林省	辽宁省
x1	0.9080	0.8351	0.9149
x2	0.9294	0.5961	0.8883
x3	0.5563	0.5781	0.5650
x4	0.7546	0.7710	0.8239
x5	0.9003	0.9284	0.9577
x6	0.8049	0.8253	0.8867
x7	0.6164	0.7053	0.8764
x8	0.8461	0.8904	0.9031
x9	0.8291	0.8087	0.8623
x10	0.9242	0.8532	0.9072
x11	0.9292	0.5913	0.9175
x12	0.9017	0.9480	0.9403
x13	0.6814	0.7155	0.5935
x14	0.7785	0.7787	0.8025
x15	0.7530	0.7555	0.8904
x16	0.7260	0.8643	0.9509
x17	0.7974	0.8537	0.8421
x18	0.6088	0.6772	0.5474
x19	0.6069	0.8987	0.9599
x20	0.8316	0.8411	0.8883
x21	0.9355	0.8053	0.8608