2000-2010年西伯利亚地表覆盖变化特征——基于GlobeLand30的分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.10.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西伯利亚是全球环境变化的重要敏感性区域,但以往缺乏该区域中高分辨率地表覆盖数据,对其地表覆盖的整体分布与变化缺乏深入的认识。本文利用中国新近研制的2000、2010年两期30 m分辨率地表覆盖数据产品GlobeLand30,对2000-2010年西伯利亚地表覆盖的空间分布格局、变化幅度、区域差异及主要地类的变化原因进行了综合分析。研究发现：①西伯利亚地表覆盖的空间分布现状具有明显的地带性特征。②10年间,西伯利亚地区地表覆盖整体变化幅度较大,其中林地及草地呈显著缩减、湿地呈较大幅度增加、耕地呈微弱减少、人造地表呈增加态势。③10年间,西伯利亚地表覆盖变化具有显著的区域差异性。变化最显著的为西西伯利亚地区,其中以湿地增加最明显,主要分布于鄂毕河—叶尼塞河流域,林地、草地及耕地减少集中于西伯利亚西南部。④人类活动和气候变暖是引发西伯利亚地表覆盖变化的主要原因。大规模林地砍伐导致林地减少;冰冻层消融,林地、草地和水体向湿地的转化是湿地增加的主要原因;耕地的人为废弃和撂荒导致耕地面积有所减少。

关键词: 地表覆盖, 地表覆盖变化, GlobeLand30, 西伯利亚

Abstract:

Siberia is an important sensitive area with regard to global environmental change. Due to the limited availability of high resolution remote sensing data, previously there was a general lack of in-depth understanding of land cover and change in Siberia. Based on the land cover classification of China's 30 m global land cover (GLC) data product (GlobeLand30) in 2000 and 2010, this study analyzed the progress of land cover change in Siberia between 2000 and 2010 using spatial statistical method and land cover type transition matrix. Land cover changes in Siberia showed significant spatial and temporal variations between 2000 and 2010. Overall, the area that experienced most clear land cover change was west Siberia. The area of forests and grasslands decreased substantially and the change mainly took place in the traditional forest industry regions. The total area of wetland significantly increased and this change occurred mainly in the River Ob and Yenisei in west Siberia. Cultivated land decreased slightly mainly in the traditional agricultural region of the southwest. Built-up areas expanded rapidly, which mainly distributed in cities along the Trans-Siberian Railway. Land cover change in Siberia showed distinct temporal and spatial disparities primarily due to two reasons: industrial development and climate warming..

Key words: land cover, land cover change, GlobeLand30, Siberia

张宇硕, 陈军, 陈利军, 李然, 张委伟, 鲁楠, 刘吉羽. 2000-2010年西伯利亚地表覆盖变化特征——基于GlobeLand30的分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(10): 1324-1333.

Yushuo ZHANG, Jun CHEN, Lijun CHEN, Ran LI, Weiwei ZHANG, Nan LU, Jiyu LIU. Characteristics of land cover change in Siberia based on GlobeLand30, 2000-2010[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(10): 1324-1333.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

表2

图6

图7

表3

参考文献 30

1	曹鑫, 陈军, 陈利军, 等. 2014. 全球陆表水体空间格局与波动初步分析[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 44(8): 1661-1070.
	[Cao X, Chen J, Chen L J, et al.2014. Preliminary analysis of spatiotemporal pattern of global land surface water[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 57(10): 2330-2339.]
2	陈军, 陈晋, 宫鹏, 等. 2011. 全球地表覆盖高分辨率遥感制图[J]. 地理信息世界, 9(2): 12-14.
	[Chen J, Chen J, Gong P, et al.2011. Higher resolution global land cover mapping[J]. Geomatics World, 9(2): 12-14.]
3	陈军, 陈晋, 廖安平, 等. 2014. 全球30m地表覆盖遥感制图的总体技术[J]. 测绘学报, 43(6): 551-557.
	[Chen J, Chen J, Liao A P, et al.2014. Concepts and key techniques for 30 m global land cover mapping[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 43(6): 551-557.]
4	初祥. 2001. 俄罗斯西伯利亚森林工业现状与发展趋势[J]. 东欧中亚市场研究, (1): 42-47.
	[Chu X.2001. Eluosi xiboliya senlin gongye xianzhuang yu fazhan qushi[J]. East European, Russian & Central Asian Market Studies, (1): 42-47.]
5	范纯. 2010. 俄罗斯环境政策评析[J]. 俄罗斯中亚东欧研究, (6): 19-25.
	[Fan C.2010. Analysis of Russia's environment policy[J]. Russian, Central Asian & East European Studies, (6): 19-25.]
6	刘纪远, 刘明亮, 庄大方, 等. 2002. 中国近期土地利用变化的空间格局分析[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 32(12): 1031-1040.
	[Liu J Y, Liu M L, Zhuang D F, et al.2002. Zhongguo jinqi tudi liyong bianhua de kongjian geju fenxi[J]. Science in China: Earth Sciences, 32(12): 1031-1040.]
7	刘纪远, 张增祥, 徐新良, 等. 2009. 21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析[J]. 地理学报, 64(12): 1411-1420.
	[Liu J Y, Zhang Z X, Xu X L, et al.2009. Spatial patterns and driving forces of land use change in China in the early 21st century[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 64(12): 1411-1420.]
8	刘纪远, 张增祥, 庄大方, 等. 2003. 20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化时空特征及其成因分析[J]. 地理研究, 22(1): 1-12.
	[Liu J Y, Zhang Z X, Zhuang D F, et al.2003. A study on the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of land-use and driving forces analyses of China in the 1990s[J]. Geographical Research, 22(1): 1-12.]
9	刘子刚, 马学慧. 2006. 世界最大的泥炭地: 俄罗斯瓦休甘泥炭沼泽[J]. 湿地科学与管理, 2(3): 62-63.
	[Liu Z G, Ma X H.2006. Shijie zuida de nitandi: Eluosi waxiugan nitan zhaoze[J]. Wetland Science & Management, 2(3): 62-63.]
10	马友君. 2010. 西伯利亚农业发展现状及趋势[J]. 西伯利亚研究, 37(1): 27-31.
	[Ma Y J.2010. Present situation and tendency of Siberian agricultural development[J]. Siberian Studies, 37(1): 27-31.]
11	宁佳. 2012. 西伯利亚大铁路东部沿线区域土地利用变化研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学: 35-43.
	[Ning J.2012. Study of land use change in the eastern part along the trans-Siberian Railway[D]. Beijing, China: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences: 35-43.]
12	朱立君, 王卷乐, Darbalaeva D, 等. 2012. 外贝加尔土地覆盖变化驱动机制研究[J]. 测绘与空间地理信息, 35(12): 19-22.
	[Zhu L J, Wang J L, Darbalaeva D, et al.2012. Land cover pattern and its dynamics analysis in Transbaikalia Area in Russia[J]. Geomatics & Spatial Information Technology, 35(12): 19-22.]
13	Kolchugina T P, Vinson T S.1995. 俄罗斯森林在全球碳平衡中的作用[J]. 朱志辉, 译. AMBIO, 24(5): 258-264.
	[Kolchugina T P, Vinson T S.1995. The role of Russian forest in global carbon balance[J]. Zhu Z H, Trans. AMBIO, 24(5): 258-264.]
14	Shvidenko A, Nilsson S.1994. 对西伯利亚森林我们了解什么[J]. 张洪江, 郭健, 译. AMBIO, 23(7): 396-404.
	[Shvidenko A, Nilsson S.1994. What we know about Siberian forest[J]. Zhang H J, Guo J, Trans. AMBIO, 23(7): 396-404.]
15	Chen J, Chen J, Liao A P, et al.2015. Global land cover mapping at 30m resolution: a POK-based operational approach[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 103: 7-27.
16	Cruz R V, Harasawa H, Lal M, et al.2007. Asia[R]//Parry M L, Canziani O F, Palutikoff J P, et al. Climate change 2007: impacts adaptation and vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 469-506.
17	IGBP. 2005. IGBP report No. 53/IHDP report No. 19: science plan and implementation strategy[R/OL]. 2011-04-06 [2014-01-19]. .
18	Kobak K I, Turcmnovich I Y, Kondrasiheva N Y, et al.1996. Vulnerability and adaptation of the larch forest in eastern siberia to climate change[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 92(1-2): 119-127.
19	Lambin E F, Baulies X, Bockstael N, et al. 1995. IGBP report No. 48/IHDP report No. 10: land-use and land-cover change (LUCC): implementation strategy[R/OL]. 2015-05-11 [2013-09-13]. .
20	Lepokurova O E, Ivanova I S.2014. Geochemistry of iron in organogenic water of Western Siberia, Russia[J]. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 10: 297-302.
21	Robarts R D, Zhulidov A V, Pavlov D F.2013. The State of knowledge about wetlands and their future under aspects of global climate change: the situation in Russia[J]. Aquatic Sciences, 75(1): 27-38.
22	Schlütz F, Lehmkuhl F.2006. Climatic change in the Russian Altai, southern Siberia, based on palynological and geomorphological results, with implications for climatic teleconnections and human history since the middle Holocene[J]. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 16(2-3): 101-118.
23	Smith L C, Sheng Y, MacDonald G M, et al.2005. Disappearing arctic lakes[J]. Science, 308: 1429.
24	Tchebakova N M, Parfenova E I, Soja A J.2011. Climate change and climate-induced hot spots in forest shifts in central Siberia from observed data[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 11(4): 817-827.
25	Tchebakova N M, Rehfeldt G E, Parfenova E I.2010. From vegetation zones to climatypes: effects of climate warming on siberian ecosystems[M]//Osawa A, Zyryanova O A, Matsuura Y, et al. Permafrost ecosystems: Siberian larch forests. Berlin, Germany: Springer: 209, 427-446.
26	Turner B L, Janetos A C, Verburg P H, et al.2013. Land system architecture: using land systems to adapt and mitigate global environmental change[J]. Global Environmental Change, 23(2): 395-397.
27	Turner B L, Skole D, Sanderson S, et al. 1995. IGBP report No. 35/HDP report No. 7: land use land cover change science/research plan[R/OL]. 2015-05-06[2014-02-15]. .
28	Wagner W, Luckman A, Vietmeier J, et al.2003. Large-scale mapping of boreal forest in SIBERIA using ERS tandem coherence and JERS backscatter data[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 85(2): 125-144.
29	Zakharova E A, Kouraev A V, Rémy F, et al.2014. Seasonal variability of the western Siberia wetlands from satellite radar altimetry[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 512: 366-378.
30	Zhulidov A, Headley J V, Robarts R D.1997. Atlas of Russian wetlands: biogeography and metal concentrations[M]. Saskatoon, Canada: National Hydrology Research Institute, Environment: 101-102.

	耕地	林地	草地	灌丛	湿地	水体	人造地表	裸地	冰雪
面积/km²	327670.29	4926838.33	2834043.22	5566.93	1059090.94	326563.73	22154.02	27154.68	7991.29
比例/%	3.436	51.660	29.716	0.058	11.105	3.424	0.23	0.285	0.084

地表覆盖类型	面积/km²		变化量/km²	变化率/%
地表覆盖类型	2000年		变化量/km²	2010年
耕地	331857.07	327670.29	-4186.78	-1.3
林地	4938646.50	4926838.33	-11808.16	-0.2
草地	2851259.77	2834043.22	-17216.55	-0.6
灌丛	5489.84	5566.93	77.09	1.4
湿地	1030637.15	1059090.94	28453.80	2.8
水体	335176.42	326563.73	-8612.69	-2.6
人造地表	21138.59	22154.02	1015.43	4.8
裸地	26840.84	27154.68	313.83	1.2
冰雪	8016.91	7991.29	-25.61	-0.3

	耕地	林地	草地	灌木	湿地	水体	人造地表	裸地
耕地	0.0	23.8	68.8	0.0	1.8	1.2	4.3	0.1
林地	2.0	0.0	79.2	0.9	13.9	3.6	0.5	0.1
草地	4.7	77.2	0.0	0.5	12.3	3.9	0.8	0.7
灌木	0.0	63.5	35.3	0.0	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.0
湿地	0.8	30.1	32.8	0.0	0.0	36.0	0.1	0.2
水体	0.4	18.0	22.4	0.0	56.9	0.0	0.2	2.0
人造地表	22.7	28.6	38.4	0.1	7.4	2.2	0.0	0.6
裸地	0.1	4.1	61.8	0.0	8.0	25.8	0.2	0.0
冰雪	0.0	1.3	88.5	0.0	0.0	4.3	0.0	5.9