城市空间形态应对气候变化研究进展及展望

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.10.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变化与城市化的叠加使城市成为温室气体减排和气候变化许多关键风险集中的区域,如何应对气候变化已成为城市面临的重大挑战。以空间形态作为切入点,开展城市应对气候变化研究日益成为城市环境与气候变化领域的发展前沿和热点问题。本文通过文献分析和归纳,综述了城市空间形态应对气候变化研究的主要影响及评估方法、城市空间形态与温室气体排放和气候变化主要风险之间的关系、空间形态应对策略以及规划应用研究。在此基础上,展望了未来的研究重点和方向。

关键词: 气候变化, 城市空间形态, 耦合关系, 减缓与适应, 城市规划

Abstract:

The overlay of climate change and urbanization leads cities to become the centers where greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction actions and key risks of climate change simultaneously occur. How to cope with climate change has been a huge challenge facing global cities. Conducting the study on coping with climate change based on urban spatial forms has increasingly become the frontier and hot topic of urban environment and climate change research. By analyzing and summarizing current literatures, this article reviews the core aspects and progress of study on urban spatial forms to cope with climate change, including key impacts of climate change and their assessment methods, relationships between urban forms and climate change including greenhouse gas emissions and key risks of climate change, coping strategies, and urban planning practices. Based on this, key issues for future research are put forward.

Key words: climate change, urban spatial form, the coupling relationship, mitigation and adaptation, urban planning

崔胜辉, 徐礼来, 黄云凤, 黄葳. 城市空间形态应对气候变化研究进展及展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(10): 1209-1218.

Shenghui CUI, Lilai XU, Yunfeng HUANG, Wei HUANG. Progress and prospect of study on urban spatial patterns to cope with climate change[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(10): 1209-1218.

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风险因子	不利影响
风险因子	物理系统	社会经济系统	生态系统
海平面上升,台风,风暴潮,高温热浪,极端降水,内陆和沿海洪水,干旱等气象灾害等	地下水的海水入侵,岸线侵蚀,土地盐碱化,房屋等建筑结构及内部财产损失,道路、电力、电信、水及能源等基础设施损失及供应中断等	生命安全与公共健康,犯罪率增加,失业率增加,工业、商业及服务业减产,经济衰退等	湿地退化,生境退化,生物多样性减少,生态系统服务退化等

空间形态指数	主要量化指标	含义	参考文献
密度	人口密度	指单位面积建成区居住的人口数,是表示城市人口的密集程度的指标。	Bhat et al, 2007 Wamsler et al, 2013
紧凑度	紧凑度指数	指土地的聚集程度与连续程度,反映城市用地空间布局的紧凑程度。	Zhao J Z et al, 2011
复杂度	面积加权平均形状指数	是度量景观空间格局复杂性的重要指标之一,反映城市不同用地类型的混合程度,并对许多生态过程都有影响。	Makido et al, 2012
复杂度	面积加权平均斑块分形指数	反映景观格局总体特征的重要指标,在一定程度上也反映了人类活动对景观格局的影响。	Makido et al, 2012
可达性	交通可达性指数	是指交通网络中各节点相互作用机会的大小,可简单地解释为利用特定交通系统从某一区位到达指定区位的便捷程度。	Kwan et al, 2003 Zahabi et al, 2012
居住区形态	容积率	指一定地块内,总建筑面积与建筑用地面积的比值;容积率是衡量建设用地使用强度的一项重要指标。	Zhao C J et al, 2011
居住区形态	建筑密度	指一定地块内所有建筑的基底总面积与规划建设用地面积之比(%),反映一定用地范围内的空地率和建筑密集程度。	Zhao C J et al, 2011
绿色空间	建成区绿地率	指建成区各类绿地面积的总和与建成区面积的比率,反映城市绿地的面积大小。	Zhao C J et al, 2011
绿色空间	植被香农多样性指数	反映植被斑块的异质性,与植被的碳密度有显著正相关。	Ren et al, 2013

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