天山北坡城市群非渗透面下的土壤有机碳特征

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.06.013

地理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 781-789.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2015.06.013

• 生态环境 • 上一篇

天山北坡城市群非渗透面下的土壤有机碳特征

艳燕^1,², 张弛^1,^3,^*(), 匡文慧⁴, 罗格平¹, 陈春波^1,²

1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830011
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3. 中亚利桑那菲尼克斯长期生态研究站,亚利桑那州立大学,美国亚利桑那州坦佩 85287
4. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101

收稿日期:2014-09-01 修回日期:2015-03-01 出版日期:2015-06-15 发布日期:2015-06-15
通讯作者: 张弛
作者简介:
作者简介：艳燕(1986-),女,内蒙古赤峰人,博士研究生,研究方向为城市生态学,E-mail: vvyaya@hotmail.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31170347);中国科学院百人计划项目(Y174131001);国家国际科技合作项目课题(2010DFA92720-10)

Orgnic carbon charasteristics of soils beneath urban impervious surface in northern Tianshan urban cluster

Yan YAN^1,², Chi ZHANG^1,^3,^*(), Wenhui KUANG⁴, Geping LUO¹, Chunbo CHEN^1,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, the United States
4. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2014-09-01 Revised:2015-03-01 Online:2015-06-15 Published:2015-06-15
Contact: Chi ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市非渗透面(Impervious Surface Areas, ISA)的覆盖,强烈地改变了区域土壤理化性状,从而在不同尺度上影响着生态系统碳循环。ISA下土壤样品获得的困难性致使对ISA所封存的土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon beneath ISA, SOC_ISA)及其分布特征的认识极为缺乏。为揭示ISA下土壤理化特征,本文收集天山北坡城市群在建工程ISA下27个100 cm深土壤样品,同时采集对应ISA点邻近的渗透面(Pervious Surface Areas, PSA)样品作对比分析。利用Landsat 8图像提取了研究区ISA与PSA面积,并结合实测值估算SOC储量。研究发现：①干旱区城市100 cm深土壤剖面平均SOC_ISA=5.74±0.39 kgC·m^-2,显著低于其邻近PSA下的SOC;ISA下土壤容重(Bulk Density,BD)BD_ISA=1.58±0.02 g·cm^-3,显著高于其邻近BD_PSA约5%(p<0.01)。②两种地表下SOC和BD均随着深度加深而降低,通过与土层深度的线性拟合,SOC_ISA和BD_ISA具有明显降低趋势,PSA下SOC和BD并无显著规律;深层土壤(60~100 cm)SOC_PSA显著高于SOC_ISA(p<0.05),两者间并无稳定的比例关系。③天山北坡城市群SOC_ISA为总城市土壤碳库的68%,单个城市SOC_ISA比例50%以上,SOC_ISA构成干旱区城市土壤碳库的主体。本文不仅加深了对城市ISA下土壤理化性状的了解,而且对评估城市乃至全球生态系统碳循环及碳评估具有重要意义。

关键词: 非渗透面, 土壤有机碳, 土壤容重, 天山北坡城市群, 干旱区

Abstract:

Existence of impervious surface areas (ISA) in cities strongly influences the physical and chemical characteristics of regional soil, therefore, has profound impact on ecosystem carbon cycle at multiple scales. However, due to the inaccessibility of soil sample beneath urban ISA, we know little about the biochemical properties and distribution pattern as well as the importance of soil organic carbon under urban ISA (SOC_ISA). To clarify this issue, 100-cm-depth soil profiles from 27 paired ISA and pervious surface areas (PSA) sites in northern Tianshan urban cluster in a dryland environment of northwestern China were taken. In order to estimate total soil carbon storage, urban land cover was retrieved from cloud-free Landsat8 images. Based on the data of land cover area and SOC, the soil carbon storage of this urban cluster was calculated. (1) averaged 100-cm-depth SOC_ISA of the northern Tianshan urban cluster is 5.74±0.39 kgC·m^-2, which is significantly lower than the paired soil organic carbon of PSA (SOC_PSA) of 8.69±0.75 kgC·m^-2, about 52% of the latter (p<0.01); averaged soil bulk density (BD) under ISA BD_ISA=1.58±0.02 g·cm^-3, which is significantly higher than its paired BD of PSA of 1.51±0.02 g·cm^-3, about 5% of the latter (p<0.01). (2) SOC and BD of both ISA and PSA declines with depth. The results of linear fitting between SOC, BD, and depth show that SOC_ISA and BD_ISA have significantly declining trends, however, SOC_PSA and BD_PSA does not show such clear trend. In addition, SOC_PSA at the 60~100 cm soil layers is significantly higher than SOC_ISA but there is no stable correlation between them. (3) Carbon storage hidden under ISA of northern Tianshan urban cluster is 68% of the total urban carbon storage and for individual cities this percentage is higher than 50%, therefore, SOC_ISA is the main part of the urban SOC storage. By revealing the SOC_ISA and its distribution, this study can facilitate the understanding of biochemical characteristics of soils beneath urban ISA, which is significance for estimating carbon cycling in both urban and global ecosystems.

Key words: impervious surface areas, soil organic carbon, bulk density, northern Tianshan urban cluster, dryland

艳燕, 张弛, 匡文慧, 罗格平, 陈春波. 天山北坡城市群非渗透面下的土壤有机碳特征[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(6): 781-789.

Yan YAN, Chi ZHANG, Wenhui KUANG, Geping LUO, Chunbo CHEN. Orgnic carbon charasteristics of soils beneath urban impervious surface in northern Tianshan urban cluster[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(6): 781-789.

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样本类型	SOC±SE/(kgC·m^-2)	CV/%	BD±SE/(g·cm^-3)	CV/%
ISA	5.74±0.39	45	1.58±0.02	6.09
PSA	8.69±0.75	35	1.51±0.02	4.96
差值(PSA- ISA)	2.95±0.76^**	133	-0.08±0.03^**	156.00

城市	样点数	SOC_PSA±SE	SOC_ISA±SE
乌鲁木齐—米泉	11	7.81±0.83	5.41±0.52
昌吉	2	11.83±3.43	7.10±1.16
石河子	3	10.04±0.56	8.26±1.00
奎屯	4	6.78±1.48	6.03±1.33
乌苏	4	6.72±1.57	4.26±0.78
克拉玛依	3	13.71±3.77	5.12±1.02
城市群平均		9.48±1.18	6.03±0.59
		CV=12%	CV=9.8%

	面积/km²			面积比例/%		碳储量/Tg			碳储量比例/%
	ISA		PSA		ISA	PSA	ISA(MN±SE)	PSA(MN±SE)	ISA	PSA
乌鲁木齐-米泉	223.58	70.80		75.95	24.05	1.26±0.12	0.55±0.06		69.6	30.4
昌吉	37.93	4.46		89.47	10.53	0.27±0.04	0.05±0.02		84.4	15.6
石河子	52.49	23.21		69.34	30.66	0.43±0.05	0.23±0.01		65.2	34.8
奎屯	33.19	19.33		63.20	36.80	0.2±0.04	0.13±0.06		60.6	39.4
乌苏	26.87	4.14		86.65	13.35	0.11±0.02	0.03±0.01		78.6	21.4
克拉玛依	28.84	10.76		72.83	27.17	0.15±0.15	0.15±0.04		50	50
总计	402.90	132.70		75.22	24.78	2.42	1.14		68	32

	气候特征	单位	土层/cm	非干旱区			干旱区天北城市群
	气候特征	单位	土层/cm	SOC_ISA		SOC_PSA	SOC_ISA		SOC_PSA
美国纽约(Raciti et al, 2012)	大陆性湿润气候	kgC·m^-2	0~15	2.29**	5.67**		1.77**		2.15**
美国纽约(Raciti et al, 2012)	大陆性湿润气候	kgC·m^-2	45~60	SOC_ISA与SOC_PSA间无显著差异			SOC_PSA显著高于SOC_ISA
中国南京(Wei et al, 2014)	湿润季风气候	kgC·m^-2	0~20	2.35	4.52		1.83	2.47
英国Leicester(Edmondson et al, 2012)	湿润海洋性气候	kgC·m^-2	0~21	SOC_ISA与SOC_PSA间无显著差异		SOC_PSA显著高于SOC_ISA
中国北京(Zhao et al, 2012)	半湿润大陆性季风气候	g·kg^-1	0~10	6.68	19.20	5.84		8.70
			10~20	6.76	16.71	5.46		7.72
			20~30	8.17	11.79	5.18		6.60
			30~40	7.32	10.27	4.72		6.02
			0~40	7.23	14.49	5.30		7.26

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天山北坡城市群非渗透面下的土壤有机碳特征

Orgnic carbon charasteristics of soils beneath urban impervious surface in northern Tianshan urban cluster

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