中国装备制造企业合作创新伙伴选择——基于2013年中国工博会249家参展企业的问卷调查分析

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国是世界装备制造业大国,但与德、日、美等发达国家相比,装备工业技术水平、创新能力、合作创新水平处于明显的劣势地位。为了摸清中国装备制造企业合作创新伙伴类别以及伙伴选择的影响因子,通过对2013年中国国际工业博览会249家中国参展企业的问卷调查,运用多项Logit回归分析方法,从产业链、产学研一体化、同行业企业合作的视角出发,分析了中国装备制造业企业合作创新伙伴类别及其影响因子,并提出推进合作创新的对策建议。研究发现,客户和供应商是中国装备制造企业最重要的合作创新伙伴(占调查企业的50%),其次为大学和研究机构(占调查企业的25%),第三为同行业企业(占调查企业的10%),另有15%的企业没有合作创新伙伴;而企业规模是影响企业合作创新伙伴选择的首位因子,其后依次为内部R&D活动、政府扶持力度和知识吸收转化能力。因此,应采取近期与远期、纵向与横向相结合的措施,不断推进中国装备工业企业的合作创新。

关键词: 装备制造业, 合作创新, 创新伙伴选择, 中国

Abstract:

China has a large equipment manufacture industry. However, compared with developed countries such as Germany, Japan, and the United States, the technology level, innovation ability, and collaborative innovation competence of China's equipment manufacturing industry are far less advanced. In order to identify the types of collaborative innovation partners and influencing factors of the equipment manufacturing industry in China, this study uses a multinomial Logit model to analyze 249 samples from a questionnaire survey at the 15th China International Industry Fair (CIIF) with respect to the industrial chain, integration of production and research, and collaboration between enterprises, and put forward suggestions to promote collaborative innovation. The results reveal that 50% of these enterprises chose clients and suppliers as the most important collaborative partners to develop new mechanical products, 25% of them chose universities and research institutions as collaborative partners, and 10% chose enterprises in the same industry. However, 15% of them did not have any innovation partners. The size of enterprises, research and development (R&D) activities within the enterprises, ability of knowledge absorption, and government support are the main factors that impact the selection of innovation partners. Therefore, a combination of short-term and long-term, as well as vertical and horizontal measures should be taken to push forward collaborative innovation of China's equipment manufacturing industry.

Key words: equipment manufacturing industry, collaborative innovation, choice of innovation partners, China

叶琴, 曾刚, 陈弘挺. 中国装备制造企业合作创新伙伴选择——基于2013年中国工博会249家参展企业的问卷调查分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(5): 648-656.

Qin YE, Gang ZENG, Hongting CHEN. Chinese equipment manufacturing enterprises' choice of collaborative innovation partners:empirical analysis based on a questionnaire survey of 249 enterprises participated in the 2013 China International Industry Fair[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(5): 648-656.

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企业特征	类型	企业数/家	占比/%
员工数/人	<300	170	68.27
	300~1000	54	21.69
	≥1000	25	10.04
年销售收入/亿元	<0.1 0.1~0.5 0.5~1 1~10 10~50 ≥50	34 85 40 76 10 4	13.65 34.14 16.06 30.52 4.02 1.61
企业级别	总公司	164	65.86
	地区总公司	42	16.87
	子公司	43	17.27
所有制性质	国有	16	6.43
	集体	4	1.61
	民营	161	64.65
	三资(内资控股)	18	7.23
	三资(外资控股)	8	3.21
	港澳台独资	16	6.43
	外商独资	26	10.44
总计		249	100.00

最重要的合作创新伙伴	参与合作的企业数/家	占比/%
大学和研究机构	63	25.30
客户和供应商	122	49.00
同行业企业	26	10.44
没有合作创新伙伴	38	15.26
咨询公司	0	0.00
其他合作创新伙伴	0	0.00
合计	249	100.00

影响因素	一级指标	二级指标
企业内部	企业规模	员工数量
		年销售收入
	内部R&D活动	研发投入占总销售收入比重
		研发人员数占总员工数比重
	知识吸收转化能力	最新产品销售额占总销售额的比重
		近3年新产品销售额占总销售额比重
企业外部	政府扶持力度	通过研究项目提供资金
		通过银行贷款提供资金
		帮助寻找客户
		帮助寻找合作伙伴
		帮助进入新的市场

解释变量	被解释变量(y=1为参照组)
	y=2			y=3			y=4
	系数		标准误		系数	标准误	系数	标准误
企业规模	-3.406**	1.368		-0.698*	1.772		-6.07***	1.992
内部R&D活动	-2.347***	0.811		-1.978*	1.167		-2.323**	1.035
知识吸收转化能力	-0.376*	0.731		-0.552*	1.091		-0.045	0.92
政府扶持力度	-1.04**	0.506		-0.359*	0.733		-1.335**	0.657

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