基于新经济地理学的长三角城市群空间格局及发展因素

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市群空间格局发展并非均匀的发展,而是密度(Density)更为集中、距离(Distance)逐渐缩短、整合(Division)更为强烈的过程。基于2009年世界银行发展报告,在劳动生产率基础上分析了长三角城市群空间发展状态。结果表明：①城市化的推进取决于密度的增加,区域发展取决于距离约束的克服,而区域一体化则取决于减少分割并增强整合,因此3D对于认识城市群区域发展及其一体化进程是非常合适的框架。②上海、苏州和无锡表现为3D类型,常州和南京表现为“密度—距离”2D类型,杭州表现为“距离—整合”2D类型,南通等表现为“距离”1D类型,绍兴等表现为“整合”1D类型,扬州等表现出0D类型;③长三角城市群的经济密度、心理距离、制造业专业化指数和外商直接投资均与劳动生产率存在显著性,弹性系数分别为1.727、0.218、0.102和0.237,而交通综合可达性作用不再显著,说明现阶段提升城市群内部经济密度和整合内外部资源比缩短各城市间距离更为重要。

关键词: 3D结构, 城市空间格局, 劳动生产率, 长三角城市群, 新经济地理学

Abstract:

The world is uneven from the economic geography's point of view, and urban agglomeration evolves also unevenly. The development of urban agglomeration space is a process of increasing density, decreasing distance, and diminishing division/enhancing integration. Based on the 2009 annual report of the World Bank, this article builds a "density, distance, division" (3D) framework using new economic geography theory, and calculates and analyzes the spatial development state of cities in the Yangtze River Delta at the macro level. The results show that: (1) Urbanization mainly depends on increasing economic density; regional development mainly relies on overcoming the distance constraints; and regional integration depends on reducing segmentation and enhancing integration. Therefore "3D" constitute an appropriate framework to analyze the regional development and urban agglomeration integration process; (2) Shanghai, Suzhou, and Wuxi, where the local economy is more advanced, showed a 3D type of urban spatial development, while Changzhou and Nanjing, and Hangzhou exhibited the "density-distance" and "distance-division" 2D type of development, respectively. Nantong, Zhenjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou displayed a "distance" 1D type of development, while Shaoxing, Zhoushan, and Ningbo illustrated a "division" 1D type, and Yangzhou and other cities showed a 0D type of spatial development; (3) Economic density, psychological distance, manufacturing specialization index, and foreign direct investment have played important roles in labor productivity in the cities, while the distance factor was not significant, which indicates that increasing the density and strengthening the integration of internal and external resources are more important than shortening the distance between cities in promoting economic development in this region.

Key words: 3D framework, spatial pattern, labor productivity, Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, new economic geography

陈肖飞, 张落成, 姚士谋. 基于新经济地理学的长三角城市群空间格局及发展因素[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(2): 229-.

Xiaofei CHEN, Luocheng ZHANG, Shimou YAO. Spatial pattern of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration: from the new economic geography perspective[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(2): 229-.

图/表 3

参考文献 31

1	陈良文, 杨开忠, 沈体雁, 等. 2008. 经济集聚密度与劳动生产率差异: 基于北京市微观数据的实证研究[J]. 经济学季刊, (1): 99-114.
	[Chen L W, Yang K Z, Shen T Y, et al.2008. The density of economic agglomeration and labor productivity: a micro-empirical study on Beijing, China[J]. Economic Quarterly, (1): 99-114.]
2	陈雯, 王珏. 2013.长江三角洲空间一体化发展格局的初步测度[J]. 地理科学, 33(8): 902-908.
	[Chen W, Wang J.2013. Assessment and measurement of spatial integration in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. ScientiaGeographicaSinica, 33(8): 902-908.]
3	段学军, 虞孝感, 陆大道, 等. 2010. 克鲁格曼的新经济地理研究及其意义[J]. 地理学报, 65(2): 131-138.
	[Duan X J, Yu X G, Lu D D, et al.2010. The study of new economic geography of Krugman and its significance[J]. ActaGeographicaSinica, 65(2): 131-138.]
4	范剑勇. 2006. 产业集聚与地区间劳动生产率差异[J]. 经济研究, (11): 72-81.
	[Fan J Y.2006. Industrial agglomeration and difference of regional labor productivity: Chinese evidence with international comparison[J]. Economics Study, (11): 72-81.]
5	郭琪, 贺灿飞. 2012. 密度、距离、分割与城市劳动生产率: 基于中国2004-2009年城市面板数据的经验研究[J]. 中国软科学, 26(11): 136-142.
	[Guo Q, He C F.2012. Density, distance, division, and urban labor productivity: empircal study based on panel data of 277 Chinese cities during 2004-2009[J]. China Soft Science, 26(11): 136-142.]
6	贺灿飞, 谢秀珍, 潘峰华. 2008. 中国制造业省区分布及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 27(3): 623-635.
	[He C F, Xie X Z, Pan F H.2008. Locational studies of Chinese manufacturing industries[J]. Geographical Research, 27(3): 623-635.]
7	李燕, 贺灿飞. 2013. 基于“3D”框架的长江三角洲城市群经济空间演化分析[J]. 经济地理, 33(5): 43-46.
	[Li Y, He C F.2013. Evolution of the economic space in the Yangtze River Delta: density, distance and division[J]. Economic Geography, 33(5): 43-46.]
8	林先扬. 2004. 大珠江三角洲城市群经济整合机制与模式研究[J]. 华南师范大学学报, (1): 122-128.
	[Lin X Y.2004. The economic integration mechanism and models of Great Pearl River Delta[J]. Journal of South China Normal University, (1): 122-128.]
9	陆大道. 2013. 地理学关于城镇化领域的研究内容框架[J]. 地理科学, 33(8): 897-901.
	[ Lu D D.2013. Urbanization areas under the geography research framework[J]. ScientiaGeographicaSinica, 33(8): 897-901.]
10	罗小龙, 沈建法. 2007. 长江三角洲城市合作模式及其理论框架分析[J]. 地理学报, 62(2): 115-126.
	[Luo X L, Shen J F.2007. Models of inter-city cooperation and its theoretical implications: an study on the Yangtze River Delta[J]. ActaGeographicaSinica, 62(2): 115-126.]
11	王洁玉, 贺灿飞, 黄志基. 2012. 基于3D视角的京津冀都市圈经济空间分析[J]. 城市观察, (3): 67-76.
	[Wang J Y, He C F, Huang Z J.2012. Analyzing the economic space of Beijing - Tianjin-Hebei megalopolis from the “3D” perspective[J]. Urban Insight, (3): 67-76.]
12	王一鸣. 2004. 长三角区域经济整合的体制和机制问题[J]. 宏观经济研究, (3): 19-24.
	[Wang Y M.2004. The problem of regional economic integration mechanism of Yangtze River Delta[J]. Macroeconomics, (3): 19-24.]
13	吴威, 曹有挥,曹卫东. 2007. 开放条件下长江三角洲区域的综合交通可达性空间格局[J]. 地理研究, 26(2): 391-402.
	[Wu W, Cao Y H, Cao W D.2007. On the patterns of integrated transportation accessibility in the Yangtze River Delta under opening conditions[J]. Geographical Research, 26(2): 391-402.]
14	吴威, 曹有挥,梁双波. 2011. 外部成本对区域综合运输成本空间格局的影响: 以长江三角洲地区为例[J]. 地理科学, 31(11): 1322-1328.
	[Wu W, Cao Y H, Liang S B.2011. The impact on pattern of regional comprehensive transportation costs by external costs: the case of the Yangtze River Delta[J]. ScientiaGeographicaSinica, 31(11): 1322-1328.]
15	姚士谋, 陆大道, 王聪, 等. 2011. 中国城镇化需要综合性的科学思维: 探索适应中国国情的城镇化方式[J]. 地理研究, 31(11): 1947-1955.
	[Yao S M, Lu D D, Wang C, et al.2011. Urbanization in China needs comprehensive scientific thinking: exploration of the urbanization mode adapted to the special situation of China[J]. Geographical Research, 31(11): 1947-1955.]
16	周沂, 沈昊婧, 贺灿飞. 2013. 城市群发展的3D框架: 以武汉城市群为例[J].长江流域资源与环境, 22(2): 136-142.
	[Zhou Y, Shen H J, He C F.2013. Density, distance and division for urban development: the case of Wuhan city region[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 22(2): 136-142.]
17	Brulhart M, Mathys N A.2008. Sectoral agglomeration economics in a panel of European regions[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 38: 348-362.
18	Ciccone A.2002. Agglomeration effects in Europe[J]. European Economic Review, 46: 213-227.
19	Ciccone A, Hall R E.1996. Productivity and the density of economic activity[J]. American Economic Review, 86: 54-70.
20	Combes P P, Lafourcade M.2005. Transport costs: measures, determinants, and regional policy implications for France[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 5(3): 319-349.
21	Davis C J, Vernon H J.2008. The agglomeration of headquarters[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 38: 445-460.
22	Fujita M, Krugman P, Venables J.1999. The spatial economy: cities, regions and international trade[M]. Cambridge, UK: MIT Press: 21-36.
23	Hector V, Conroy, Gabriel D.2009. Density, distance, and division in Latin America and the Caribbean: analysis with a unified local-level economic welfare map[J]. Preliminary Draft: 1-24.
24	Jinhwan O H.2011. Spatial adaptation of the MSV model, with spatial reference to world development report 2009 and Korean example[J]. Letters in Spatial and Resource, 5(1): 33-45.
25	Krugman P.1995. Development, geography and economic[M]. Cambridge, UK: MIT Press: 101-172.
26	Mark R, Chorching G.2011. Density, distance and division: the case of Chongqing municipality, China[J]. Cambridge Journal of Regions, (6): 1-16.
27	Rosenthal S S, Strange W C.2004. Evidence on the nature and sources of agglomeration economics[J]. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, (4): 2119-2171.
28	Rice P, Venables A J, Patacchini E.2006. Spatial determinants of productivity: analysis for the regions of Great Britain[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 36: 727-752.
29	Takatoshi T.1986. Capital augmenting technology and labor market equilibrium[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 20(2): 211-228.
30	Yang C.2005. Multi-level governance in the cross-boundary region of Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Environment and Planning A, 37(12): 2147-2168.
31	World Bank.2008. World development report 2009: reshaping economic geography[M]. Washington DC, World Bank: 1-5.

变量	密度	距离	整合	综合
				普通回归
常量	-0.091	1.301**(0.046)	2.271*(0.064)	1.421*(0.092)
Ln(GPAD)	1.170*(0.058)	-	-	1.727***(0.002)
Ln(ITA)	-	-1.320*(0.069)	-	-1.326
Ln(ITA)²	-	-1.528**(0.035)	-	-0.765
Ln(PD)	-	0.612*(0.071)	-	0.218*(0.081)
Ln(MSI)	-	-	0.153*(0.091)	0.102*(0.079)
Ln(IECG)	-	-	-0.306	-0.637
Ln(FDI)	-	-	0.412**(0.047)	0.237*(0.079)
Ln(RD)	0.117*(0.061)	1.174**(0.025)	1.395*(0.079)	1.242**(0.039)
Ln(AS)	-0.372	0.681	0.873	0.312**(0.046)
Ln(LA)	0.386	-0.604	-0.633	1.677*(0.084)
R²	0.829	0.861	0.901	0.943
F	4.828**(0.014)	4.258**(0.015)	2.997*(0.088)	6.746**(0.012)

[1]	周灿, 曾刚, 宓泽锋, 鲜果. 区域创新网络模式研究——以长三角城市群为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(7): 795-805.
[2]	孙阳, 姚士谋, 张落成. 长三角城市群“空间流”层级功能结构——基于高铁客运数据的分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(11): 1381-1387.
[3]	焦利民, 唐欣, 刘小平. 城市群视角下空间联系与城市扩张的关联分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(10): 1177-1185.
[4]	潘峰华, 贺灿飞. 新经济地理学和经济地理学的对话——回顾和展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(12): 1518-1524.
[5]	张文忠. 新经济地理学的研究视角探析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2003, 22(1): 94-102.