河南省农民工务工地选择及影响因素分析

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.12.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

规模巨大的农民工流动是当前中国最重要的社会经济现象之一,而其微观基础是农民工对务工地的选择。基于河南省33个样本村1091位农民工田野调查数据,对农民工微观个体务工地选择及影响因素进行了研究。结果发现,区域农民工的流动方向和务工地选择具有分散与集中相结合的特征,距离决定着社会网络密度和家务管理成本,经济发展水平影响着工资水平的高低和就业机会的多少,二者成为决定农民工整体流动方向的基本因素。影响农民工务工地选择的显著因子为：务工者年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、家庭劳动力数量、人均耕地面积、所在村庄经济发展水平等。其中,年龄较小者、教育程度较低者、已婚者、家庭劳动力数量较多者、村庄经济发展水平较低者选择在较大空间范围内务工的概率较大,由于地形、交通状况因素的影响,人均耕地面积较大者在较大空间范围内务工的概率亦较大,反之亦然。家务管理是务工地选择的重要机制。

关键词: 务工地, 农民工, 选择, 影响因素, 河南省

Abstract:

Flow of migrant workers in large scale is one of the most important social and economic phenomena in China. Choice of migrant destinations is a critical aspect of such movement. On the basis of a field investigation of 1091 sample migrant workers' in 33 villages in Henan Province, this study examines the choice of migrant destinations and influencing factors at a micro scale. The research found that, the flow direction and choice of destination of the migrant workers showed both a decentralized and a centralized characteristic. Distance from home area determined the density of social network and cost of household management, and the level of economic growth in destination areas affected the salary level and employment opportunities. These two factors determined the overall direction of flow of migrant workers. Other significant factors that influenced the choice of migrant workers of migrant destination were age, education level, marital status, number of family laborers, per capita average area of farmland, and economic development of the home villages. The migrant workers who were younger, with lower level of education, married, with more family laborers, and from villages with lower level of economic development had a higher probability to work outside of Henan Province and in more distant places, and vice versa. In addition, migrant workers from households with larger per capita average area of farmland were more likely to work in places further away from the home areas. Household management is an important mechanism for the choice of the migrant destination.

Key words: migrant destination, migrant workers, choices of migrant destination, influencing factors, Henan Province

中图分类号:

F291

杨慧敏, 高更和, 李二玲. 河南省农民工务工地选择及影响因素分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(12): 1634-1641.

Huimin YANG, Genghe GAO, Erling LI. Destination of migrant workers and influencing factors of Henan Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(12): 1634-1641.

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变量	估计参数	标准误	Wald值	自由度	显著性水平	95%置信区间
变量	估计参数	标准误	Wald值	自由度	显著性水平	下限	上限
性别年龄教育程度婚姻状况家庭人口家庭中小学生数量家庭劳动力数量家庭老人数量家庭代际数量人均耕地面积村庄经济发展水平村庄地形村庄区位	0.102 -0.032^* -0.265^* 0.388^ 0.001 0.018 0.186^* -0.066 0.091 0.274^* -0.368^* -0.053 -0.001	0.129 0.007 0.065 0.178 0.071 0.065 0.068 0.096 0.155 0.091 0.100 0.111 0.003	0.623 21.206 16.857 4.760 0.000 0.075 7.853 0.461 0.342 9.094 13.630 0.230 0.110	1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1	0.430 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.987 0.784 0.006 0.497 0.559 0.003 0.000 0.631 0.740	-0.151 -0.046 -0.392 0.039 -0.139 -0.109 0.054 -0.255 -0.214 0.096 0.173 -0.271 -0.007	0.355 -0.018 -0.139 0.736 0.141 0.144 0.319 0.124 0.395 0.452 0.563 0.165 0.005