区域发展差距测度指标体系探讨

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

区域发展差距是自然、经济和社会等多种因素共同作用的结果。建立区域发展差距测度指标体系反映了区域发展差距研究从单要素、单指标走向多要素、多指标综合测度的发展趋势。本文在进行区域发展差距概念界定、构成要素类型划分,以及阐述构建区域发展差距测度指标体系遵循的基本原则基础上,通过对区域发展差距构成要素进行甄别、归类和属性特征分析,筛选、构建和设计出了以衡量民生质量为导向的区域发展差距宏观和微观测度指标体系。宏观测度指标体系由3个综合指标、18个要素指标和54个属性指标构成;微观测度指标体系由3个综合指标、14个要素指标和70个属性指标构成。

关键词: 区域发展差距, 指标体系, 测度

Abstract:

Development disparities among regions are the joint effect of multiple factors in the natural, economic, social, and cultural systems. Developing index systems for the measurement of regional development disparities reflects a trend of movement from single factor and single index analysis to multiple factors and multiple indices analysis in the field of regional development disparity research. Well-built index systems can be useful in promoting information rich and artificial intelligence based regional disparity analysis, identifying and analyzing factors that constitute constraints on regional development, and seeking directions for policy making to narrow gaps of regional development. (1) Regional development disparity refers to the extent to which regions as a whole or in certain aspects differ from each other in economic and social development or quality of human habitation. It is region specific, object oriented, development focused, integrated, and differentiation concerned. The key components of regional development disparities include economic, social, human capability, and human habitation disparities. (2) Principles to be observed in designing an useful index system for measuring regional development disparities include that the index system being developed should be scientifically proven, holistic, operable, hierarchical, and able to incorporate dynamic changes. Generally speaking, the complete index system should comprise of two sets of indices for different scales of analysis at the macroscopic scale and the microscopic scale. The hierarchical structure of these indices should include composite indices at the top, indicators in the middle, and attributes at the bottom. (3) In total, three sets of indices for measuring regional development disparities are developed initially. The indices for macroscopic analysis are comprised of 3 composite indices, 18 indicators, and 54 attributes. The recommended indices for macroscopic analysis include 3 composite indices, 11 indicators, and 13 attributes. The indices for microscopic analysis are made of 3 composite indices, 14 indicators, and 70 attributes.

Key words: regional development disparity, index system, measurement

中图分类号:

F129.9

徐勇, 樊杰. 区域发展差距测度指标体系探讨[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(9): 1159-1166.

Yong XU, Jie FAN. Index system for regional development disparity measurement[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(9): 1159-1166.

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指标体系	研究区尺度	区域单元	构成要素大类
宏观测度指标体系	全国、大区、省级行政区	县级行政区	经济、社会及人居环境
微观测度指标体系	地市级、县级行政区	乡镇、社区和行政村	经济、社会及人居环境

综合指标	要素指标	属性指标
经济发展水平	经济总量	GDP、人均GDP、一二三产业增加值
	收入	人均收入、城镇人均可支配收入、农村人均纯收入、地方财政收入
	支出	人均支出、恩格尔系数、人均社会商品零售总额
	投资	人均全社会固定资产投资、人均外资利用累积额
	就业	非农产业就业比重、农林牧渔业就业比重、城镇失业率
	产业构成	一二三产业占GDP的比重
社会发展水平	人口	常住人口、户籍人口、常住人口与户籍人口差值
	劳动力	劳动力数量、高中及以上文化程度劳动力比例、成人平均受教育年限
	城乡构成	城镇人口、农村人口、人口城镇化率
	医疗(健康)	万人拥有医生数、万人拥有医院床位数、人均期望寿命
	教育	学龄儿童入学率、义务教育期适龄学生在学率
	公共安全	犯罪率、交通事故率
	养老	养老覆盖率、养老金水平
	社会保障	低保人数、低保水平、低保比例;社保人数、社保水平、社保比例
人居环境质量	住房	人均住房面积、城镇人均住房面积、农村人均居住地面积
	交通	人均交通用地面积、人均机动车拥有量
	生态	人均林草植被面积、人均水域面积
	环境	生活垃圾集中处理率、污水集中处理率、空气质量优良天数

综合指标	要素指标	属性指标
经济发展水平	收入	人均收入、工资性收入、经营性收入、资产性收入、政策性收入、转移性收入、其他收入
	支出	人均支出、恩格尔系数、人均出境游支出、人均日常生活支出、人均生产性支出(R)、人均转移性支出(R)、人均其他支出
	就业	体制内就业、非农务工就业、投资性就业、农业就业、失业率(C)
社会发展水平	劳动力	劳动力数量、高中及以上文化程度劳动力比例、成人平均受教育年限
	医疗(健康)	医保覆盖率、距城镇医院或大医院距离、人均期望寿命
	教育	小学覆盖半经、初中覆盖半径、学龄儿童入学率、义务教育期适龄学生在学率、大专以上文化程度教师比例
	公共安全	犯罪率、交通事故率、留守儿童户率(R)
	养老	养老覆盖率、养老金水平、老人空巢户率
	社会保障	低保人数、低保水平、低保比例;社保人数、社保水平、社保比例
人居环境质量	住房	人均住房面积、自有房户率(C)、租赁房户率(C)、砖石结构和楼房户率(R)、住房内有厨房户率、住房内有洗澡设施户率
	饮水	自来水户率、挑拉水户率、窖水户率
	生活能源	燃气炊能户率、电炊能户率、煤炭炊能户率、材薪及其他炊能户率;暖气或空调采暖户率、煤采暖户率、材薪及其他采暖户率
	交通	距公交车站距离(C)、上班单程耗时(C)、#道路等级(R)、距城镇的公路距离(R)、距省道以上公路距离(R)、#通公交车频次(R)
	环境	住房内厕所拥有户率、生活垃圾集中处理率、污水集中处理率、空气质量优良天数、城镇人均公共绿地面积(C)、到公共绿地距离(C)