关键词: 产业生成, 决定机制, 旅游投资, 响应强度, 张家界

Abstract: Tourism investment has become a new topic in the academic community of tourism research in recent years. In this paper we analyzed tourism investment decision-making mechanism and corresponding consequences, and, taking Zhangjiajie as an example, explored the evolution of tourism investment decision-making mechanism and set up a model for the response strength of the tourism industry. The model helped study the characteristics of temporal responses of Wulingyuan scenic spot and analyze specifically the temporal responses and the reconstruction of the evolutional process of Zhangjiajie tourism industry under the effects of local government and the market. The results showed that: (1) From the viewpoint of tourism investment decision-making mechanism, tourism investors have been changing dynamically and directly affected the growth of the industry in the different stages, and the changes of tourism investors in the different growth stages of Zhangjiajie tourism industry were determined by tourism investment policies and regulations. In addition, tourism investors played different roles in the different stages of the tourism industry growth along with the evolution of the tourism investment system itself. Government and state-owned enterprises at all levels were the main sources of the investments in the emergence stage of the tourism industry growth in Zhangjiajie, with the government investments together with private investments as the main source in the initial stage, and private investments as the major source and government investment as the complementary source in the developmental stage. (2) From the viewpoint of the temporal responses in Zhangjiajie, the calculated response coefficient was overall in a rising trend with periodic fluctuations, showing the increasingly positive effects of the tourism investments on the growth of the tourism industry. Response coefficient of the tourism industry growth had a slow and steady increase of 0.006 from 0.1282 in 1989 to 0.1341 in 1992 because of a relatively small tourism investment in the emergence stage. The response coefficient enjoyed a sharp increase of 421.83% from 0.1631 in 1993 to 0.8511 in 1999 as a result of diversified tourism investments and optimized investment and financing environment in the growth stage, an increase from 0.8767 in 2000 to 1.1214 in 2012 with enhanced popularity and further optimized tourism investment environment and system. (3) From the viewpoint of the spatial responses, the "core-edge" pattern of Zhangjiajie tourism industry growth and reconstruction were formed under the combined efforts of local government, the world heritage management system and the market. The tourism spatial pattern includes two of the National 5A Scenery Sites, Wulingyuan scenic spot and Tianmen Mountain, as the center. After industry reconstruction the ranking order of the tourism services density is: Sangzhi County

Key words: decision-making mechanism, industry generation, response strength, tourism investment, Zhangjiajie