地理科学进展

地理科学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 354-360.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.03.004

• 城市地理 • 上一篇    下一篇

全球化背景下封闭社区形成的影响因素与空间效应

林雄斌1, 马学广2, 李贵才1   

  1. 1. 北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院,深圳518055;
    2. 中国海洋大学法政学院,青岛266100
  • 收稿日期:2012-05-01 修回日期:2012-09-01 出版日期:2013-03-25 发布日期:2013-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 马学广(1979-),男,山东临沂人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为城市土地利用、城市与区域治理。E-mail:hugomaxg@gmail.com
  • 作者简介:林雄斌(1988-),男,江西玉山人,硕士研究生,中国地理学会学生会员,中国城市学会学生会员,主要研究方向为城市地理与区域规划。E-mail:linxiongbin@sz.pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830747);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41001091)。

Influential factors and spatial impacts of gated communities under the background of globalization

LIN Xiongbin1, MA Xueguang2, LI Guicai1   

  1. 1. School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
    2. Law and Politics School, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • Received:2012-05-01 Revised:2012-09-01 Online:2013-03-25 Published:2013-03-25

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摘要： 随着经济全球化和西方新自由主义政策推行,封闭社区以其空间私有化、社会分异与隔离的特征成为一种特殊的全球现象。封闭社区对城市社会、政策和经济发展等方面具有重大影响。本文在对国内外研究成果总结的基础上,探讨封闭社区的性质、类型和形成的影响因素,并重点讨论封闭社区对城市空间发展与演变的影响。封闭社区具有物理空间封闭性、社会空间隔离性和文化空间契约性,是经济全球化与新自由主义政策、制度环境与历史文化变迁和多元主体共同作用的产物。在空间效应上,封闭社区影响着城市物质空间、社会空间和文化空间的塑造和演变,进而深刻影响城市空间演化与城市发展。最后,从城市政府和城市规划的角度讨论封闭社区的治理建议。

关键词: 封闭社区, 空间效应, 社会空间分异, 影响因素

Abstract: With economic globalization and implementation of neo-liberalism policy in western countries, Gated Communities (GCs), with the characteristics of privatized living areas as well as differentiated and isolated social spaces, have become a unique phenomenon globally and have significant influences on urban society, policy and economic development. Based on an extensive review and summary of the related contemporary literature, this paper discusses the factors that affect the nature, type and formation of gated communities, especially the impacts of gated communities on the development and evolvement of urban areas. Gated communities are the consequence of the combination of economic globalization, neo-liberalism policy, institutional environment and the interactions of different types of stakeholders; they have the characteristics of closed physical space, isolated social environment and cultural compatibility. Gated communities have significant influences on urban physical environment, social environment, and cultural environment, which in turn have profound effects on the spatial evolution and development of urban areas. At last, we seek to make suggestions and measurements for the governance on gated communities both from the perspective of city government and urban planning.

Key words: gated communities, influential factors, social spatial differentiation, spatial impact