地理科学进展

地理科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 933-940.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2012.07.012

• 模型与方法研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于PSR模型的区域生态持续性评价概念框架

彭建1,2, 吴健生1,2, 潘雅婧1,2, 韩忆楠1,2   

  1. 1. 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京100871;
    2. 城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院, 深圳518055
  • 收稿日期:2012-01-01 修回日期:2012-05-01 出版日期:2012-07-25 发布日期:2012-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 吴健生(1965-),男,湖南新化人,副教授,主要从事景观生态与GIS研究。E-mail:wujs@szpku.edu.cn E-mail:wujs@szpku.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:彭建(1976-),男,四川彭州人,副教授,主要从事景观生态与土地利用研究。E-mail:jianpeng@urban.pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目(41130534)。

Evaluation for Regional Ecological Sustainability Based on PSR Model: Conceptual Framework

PENG Jian1,2, WU Jiansheng1,2, PAN Yajing1,2, HAN Yinan1,2   

  1. 1. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    2. Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • Received:2012-01-01 Revised:2012-05-01 Online:2012-07-25 Published:2012-07-25

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摘要： 区域可持续发展是可持续发展的重要基础, 生态持续性则是实现区域可持续发展的重要前提与基本途径, 但目前仍缺乏普遍认可的生态持续性目标分解方案;而在人类活动对自然生态影响日益显著且不断增大的背景下, 生态系统健康、风险、安全与可持续性评价已成为当前宏观生态学的研究热点, 虽然在各类评价之间普遍存在概念混淆、指标体系雷同等问题。本研究在系统梳理生态持续性相关概念逻辑关联的基础上, 将区域视为人类自然-经济复合生态系统, 强调人类活动的主导性, 基于“压力-状态-响应(PSR)”模型, 从生态胁迫、生态系统健康和生态可持续能力3 方面构建了一个具有鲜明生态意义的区域生态持续性评价概念模型, 并对评价模型、评价指标筛选及其阈值与权重展开了深入探讨。研究认为:系统工程的综合评价法是区域生态持续性评价的基本方法;不存在绝对的评价标准, 区域生态持续性评价的终极目标, 不在于静态的评价某时某地人类-自然复合生态系统可持续与否, 而在于定量表征时空尺度上系统可持续性的动态变化与空间分异。

关键词: PSR模型, 概念框架, 区域生态持续性评价, 生态安全, 生态风险

Abstract: The sustainability of regional development is an important basis of the paradigm of sustainable development, and ecological sustainability is the prerequisite and viable approach for the realization of regional sustainable development. However, it is still in great need of a widely accepted decomposition framework for the system targets of ecological sustainability. Meanwhile, along with global urbanization and industrialization, there is an accelerating human influence on natural ecosystems, and the researches on ecosystem health, ecological risk, ecological security and ecological sustainability have been the main hotspots of macro ecology, although most of the evaluation indexes are the same. Therefore, the research reported in this paper aimed to analyze the relationships among the concepts mentioned above. And then, based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model, a new evaluation framework for regional ecological sustainability was constructed through such three aspects as ecological risk, ecosystem health and capability for ecological sustainability, which was of obvious ecological implication. In the end, detailed discussion was conducted on the evaluation models, the thresholds and weights of evaluation indexes. The results show that comprehensive index evaluation was the primary method, and that there were no absolute evaluation standards. The ultimate target of evaluation for regional sustainable development was not to judge the sustainability of natural ecosystems in a certain period of time, but to measure the temporal change and spatial differentiation of the sustainability status.

Key words: conceptual framework, ecological risk, ecological security, evaluation for regional ecological sustainability, PSR model