地理科学进展

地理科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 625-631.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2012.05.011

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑河流域莺落峡站河道内生态需水研究

邹悦, 张勃   

  1. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 兰州730070
  • 收稿日期:2011-10-01 修回日期:2012-02-01 出版日期:2012-05-25 发布日期:2012-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 张勃(1963-),E-mail:zhangbo@nwnu.edu.cn E-mail:zhangbo@nwnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:邹悦(1985-),女,汉族,河北唐山人,硕士研究生,主要从事区域生态环境与水资源开发、水文模拟方面的研究。E-mail:zouyue521@yahoo.com.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(40961038);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q10-4);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY200806021-07);生态经济学省级重点学科项目(5001-021)。

The Study of Ecological Water Demand at Yingluoxia Station of Heihe River

ZOU Yue, ZHANG Bo   

  1. College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2011-10-01 Revised:2012-02-01 Online:2012-05-25 Published:2012-05-25

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摘要： 生态需水是当前水问题研究中的一个热点问题, 对于生态环境急剧恶化的内陆干旱区来说, 这一研究尤为紧迫。气候变化及人类活动导致水文变异, 进而改变了当地生态系统的水文及生态平衡状况。文章采用黑河流域莺落峡站1947-2006 年月径流序列资料, 运用差积曲线-秩检验联合法来识别水文过程变异点并分析变异成因, 然后对各月平均流量序列用线性矩法推求GEV分布参数, 求出概率密度最大流量, 将其视为相应月河道内生态流量, 可以得到黑河莺落峡站河道内生态需水情况。结果表明, 基于水文变异情况分析河道内生态需水的计算方法在黑河上游是可行的;水文变异前后, 站点满足生态需水频率会发生显著变化, 因气候原因而导致的径流量变化是很难避免的, 科学合理计算生态需水对干旱区河流生态管理和经济社会可持续发展有重要作用和意义。

关键词: 差积曲线-秩检验联合法, 河道内生态需水, 黑河, 水文变异

Abstract: It is a hot issue of ecological water demand in the study of water problem in recent years, especiallyin arid areas where the ecological environment deteriorated rapidly. Climate changes and human activities canlead to hydrological change, which means the local hydrological condition has changed and broke the ecologicalbalance. The authors adopted monthly runoff series data of 60 years at hydrological monitoring station of Yingluoxia in the Heihe River basin during the period 1947-2006. The difference plot curve-combined method ofrank test was used to identify the change point of hydrological processes and causes of these changes. On this basis,L-moment is used to evaluate the parameters of generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution of the monthlyflow series before hydrological change, and to calculate the maximum probability density runoff, which is theecological water demand of that month. The result shows that the ecological calculating method which takes the hydrological change into consideration is practicable in the Heihe River. Before and after the hydrological variability,the frequency to meet the ecological water demand will change significantly at Yingluoxia station. The climatic reasons inevitably exert influence on the volume of the runoff. So it is important to get a better understanding of ecological water demand in river ecosystem management and socio-economic sustainable development in arid areas.

Key words: difference plot curve-combined method of rank test, ecological water demand, Heihe River, hydrological change