关键词: 地震灾害, 公元前1831年-公元1980 年, 交通, 影响类型, 中国

Abstract: Earthquake disasters have significant effects on traffic. With the development of economy and technology, the ability of people to deal with natural disasters is gradually enhanced. The vulnerability of the transportation system after earthquake disasters and the“lifeline”role that transportation system plays prompt people to pay more attention to the impacts of earthquake disasters on traffic. The research on earthquake disasters and traffic and other related issues are concentrated in earthquake engineering fields, namely from the perspective of traffic engineering construction to study the earthquake resistant behavior of the traffic system. There are relatively few studies from the perspective of human geography on the impacts of earthquake disasters on traffic based on the historical earthquake data. China has more detailed historical earthquake materials and data than any other countries in the world. China has not only a great deal of historical earthquake data, but also a large number of modern earthquake assembly data. On the basis of comprehensively coordinating the earthquake disaster data from 1831 BC to 1980 AD, and using the GIS technology, this article discusses the characteristics of China's earthquake disasters in time and space, and their influences. The earthquakes in China are imbalanced in spatial and temporal distributions. In the Yuan Dynasty, the earthquakes were concentrated in Shanxi, Henan and Shaanxi. Earthquakes in Southwest China and Taiwan increased in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and those in the Republic of China and during 1949-1980 occurred mainly in Southwest China, Northwest China and Taiwan. Traffic impacts by earthquake disasters were also concentrated in Northwest and Southwest China, especially in Yunnan, Sichuan and Xinjiang. The earthquakes with high intensities had significant influences on the transportation system of Xinjiang. And in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, the earthquakes with low intensity also had great influences on the transportation systems. That is because the three are all in the pleistoseismic zone, and Yunnan and Sichuan provinces have complex geographical environments with more mountains. Different types of impacts can be divided according to the extent of damage, secondary disasters and ruin of transportation structures.

Key words: China, earthquake disaster, from 1831 BC to 1980 AD, influenced types, transportation