地理科学进展 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 1375-1384.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.11.026

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国历史蝗灾动态的社会影响及生态环境意义

李钢1, 王乃昂2, 李卓仑2   

  1. 1. 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安710127;
    2. 兰州大学资源环境学院, 兰州730000
  • 收稿日期:2010-01-01 修回日期:2010-05-01 出版日期:2010-11-25 发布日期:2010-11-25
  • 作者简介:李钢(1979-)|男|四川成都人|博士|讲师|主要从事环境变化与区域发展研究
  • 基金资助:

    陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2009JQ5004);西北大学科研启动基金项目(PR09009)

Study on Social Influence, Environmental Significance and Ecological Explanation of the Dynamics of Locust Plagues in China During the Historical Period

LI Gang1, WANG Naiang2, LI Zhuolun2   

  1. 1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China;
    2. College of Earth and Environment Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2010-01-01 Revised:2010-05-01 Online:2010-11-25 Published:2010-11-25

摘要:

人类发展史是一部与自然灾害的抗争史。水、旱、蝗并称中国历史上的三大自然灾害,其中尤以蝗灾为甚。水旱与气候环境关系密切,而蝗灾与气候环境的相关研究复杂且不足。因此,本文首先基于系统收集的飞蝗史料构建中国历史蝗灾记录数据库,建立不同时空尺度的蝗灾年份、等级、频数和县次序列;然后以蝗灾序列为主线作了一系列的比较研究,得出了一些新的认识;进而探索中国历史时期蝗灾大发与频发的社会影响和环境意义,并给出科学的生态解释,以期为探究“气候—灾害—社会”之动态巨系统提供新的视角。

关键词: 环境意义, 蝗灾动态, 历史时期, 社会影响, 生态解释, 中国

Abstract:

The process of Chinese social-economic development was a long struggle history. Flood, drought and locust plague were the three biggest natural disasters in Chinese history. Flood and drought which had a close relationship with climate change have been studied by many researchers for a long time. As for locust plague, more attention should be paid to it. Accordingly, through collection and interpretation of Chinese historical documents related with locust plague, we set up a Chinese historical locust plague database according to which the trend and characteristics of locust plagues were disclosed. As for the three subspecies of migratory locusts in China, we made a sublevel regionalization map of them. According to the database and the map, we constructed many historical locust plague sequences. More work was done to deal with comparisons between locust plague sequences and sequences of other natural disasters, social crises, and climate proxies—mainly temperature and precipitation. Finally, we drew a preliminary conclusion of the social influence and environmental significance of historical locust plagues, to which ecological explanation was also given. We did several comparisons between locust plague sequence and war sequence, epidemic sequence, dust storm sequence, rice price index, and flood sequence of Huaihe River. The results were as follows. Firstly, locust plagues had close correlations with wars and epidemics, which indicated the causality among them. Secondly, locust plagues had a good coherence with dust storms, but it did not mean that cold background was indispensable for locust plagues. Thirdly, locust plagues in Anhui had no overlapping year with floods of the Huaihe River, which in reverse proved the coherence between locust plague and drought. Fourthly, we found that rice price ascended always with a 1-3 year lag after locust plague, which inspected and verified the fact in history. Through construction of next year tables of warm and cold winters in North and East China, we found the recurring probabilities of locust plagues in the two tables were 89/126=0.7063 and 64/85=0.7529, with a difference of 0.0466. The result indicated that locust plague did not have a positive correlation with either warm or cold winter, and locust plague sequence could not be used to reconstruct winter half-year temperature. In a worldwide field of view, we made comparisons between several representative locust plague sequences and typical climate sequences. We found that locust plagues of Core Region had a good tele-connection with ENSO, and locust plague still had bad coherence with temperature, but good with drought. Ecological explanation was given. In summary, our study was an integrated study on social influence and environmental significance of locust plagues in China during the historical period, and the study was an integrated work based on historical data, geographical methods and ecological explanation.

Key words: historical period, China, dynamics of locust plagues