农业非点源磷流失潜在风险评价——磷指数法研究进展

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.11.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业非点源污染主要输出污染物——磷已经成为决定水体富营养化的关键因子，但农业非点源污染具有空间分布的广泛性、不确定性等特点，对其控制和治理难度较大。目前通过识别农业非点源磷流失潜在高风险区，从而更加有的放矢的制定相应的管理措施已经成为提高农业非点源磷控制效率的有效途径。磷指数法(Phosphorus Index, PI)是考虑多因子协同作用，通过构建指标体系来评估磷流失潜在风险的有效方法，该方法简单、实用，并且注重与GIS的结合使评估结果具有更好的可视性和可操作性。本文对PI 法的提出、因子选取、计算方法等关键技术环节的改进进行系统的评述，并总结该方法目前应用的范围和尺度，以促进该方法在中国的发展和应用。

关键词: 风险评估, 高风险区识别, 磷指数, 农业非点源

Abstract:

Diffuse phosphorus discharge from agricultural nonpoint sources has become one of the main causes of eutrophication of surface water. Agricultural NPS pollution can be widely distributed and there is an uncertainty in temporal and spatial distribution, so it is difficult to control and prevent it. Now the valid way to improve the efficiency of control is identifying high risk areas of P loss and then making corresponding measurements. PI based on GIS is a simple risk assessment tool and can identify the high risk areas effectively. This paper reviews the key techniques of P index, including the P loss factors which are taken into account in P indices and modifications of calculation of PI value, and then analyzes the using extent and scale.

Key words: agricultural non point source, high risk areas identification, phosphorus index, risk assessment

李娜, 郭怀成. 农业非点源磷流失潜在风险评价——磷指数法研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(11): 1360-1367.

LI Na, GUO Huaicheng. Review of Risk Assessment of Phosphorus Loss Potential from Agricultural Non-point Source: Phosphorus Index[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 29(11): 1360-1367.

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