城市土地承载力研究进展

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开展城市土地承载力研究既是对土地承载力研究体系的深化,也是对城市持续发展的有益探索.总结城市土地承载力研究的起源、发展、内容、方法以及在相关领域的应用,发现其多出自于城市规划、土地利用、资源环境、生态系统等领域的延伸,或为某一领域的一部分,而其自身的研究体系尚未形成.已有研究主要从承载主体、承载对象和影响因素3个视角探讨了与城市土地承载力相关的内容,重在分析和评价城市各类土地与人口规模、经济增长、社会发展以及生态环境之间的关系.在研究方法上,数理分析、模型方法、指标体系等被普遍采用,但各评价方法根据评价对象和城市特点有所不同,评估结果在很大的程度上依赖于选择的不同方法,从而使得到的结果之间缺乏可比性.在实践层面,城市土地承载力分析的实际应用还很薄弱,但其指导作用已经凸现.研究认为,城市土地承载力从基本概念到量化方法、再到实践应用的研究中还存在不足之处,今后的研究应当侧重于完善城市土地承载力自身的研究体系,并结合社会发展需求进行城市土地承载力的功能分区研究和预警研究,建立城市土地承载力状态与土地政策调控的互动机制,逐步加强研究方法的更新和研究成果的应用推广.

关键词: 城市土地, 建设用地, 土地承载力, 研究进展

Abstract:

Research on urban land carrying capacity(ULCC) is not only a progress in traditional land carrying capacity(LCC), but also a useful tool to explore the sustainable development of cities. As it is concerned by an increasing number of experts, this paper reviews the origin, development, contents and methods of ULCC, as well as its application in city management. ULCC focuses on city areas, so its research changes the previous “land-food-population” direction in land carrying capacity, and emphasizes the all-together analysis of population size, economic growth and social development which the city can support. References show that ULCC was talked frequently in fields such as urban development, resources, environment and ecosystem. But, the system of ULCC itself has not been formed yet. Classification of the related literatures shows that the existed studies mainly discussed something related to ULCC independently from three perspectives, such as carriers, objects and influencing factors. They aim at relationship analysis between different kinds of urban land and population, economic growth, social development and eco-environment. Almost all of the existed papers made a lot of quantitative analysis to answer how many citizens, and what kind of economy and lives the urban land can support. Although methods used in these papers cover mainly mathematics, model, and indicator system, they are different for different objects and urban features. So, it destroys the possibility of comparing the evaluation results among different cities. Furthermore, the effects of ULCC used for urban land management were mostly unsatisfactory. In view of the current research shortcomings, it is pointed out in the end that something should be done in the future to improve the research system of ULCC itself, to identify main function zoning of urban land based on ULCC, to strengthen early warning study of ULCC, to set up interactive mechanism between ULCC evaluation and land use policy, and to renew methods and popularize the research results.

Key words: construction land, land carrying capacity, research progress, urban land

杨亮, 吕耀, 郑华玉. 城市土地承载力研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(5): 593-600.

YANG Liang, LV Yao, ZHENG Huayu. Review on Research of Urban Land Carrying Capacity[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 29(5): 593-600.

参考文献

[1] 封志明. 土地承载力研究的过去、现在与未来. 中国土地科学, 1994, 8(3): 1-9.

[2] Marten G G, Sancholuz A L. Ecological land-use planning and carrying capacity evaluation in the Jalapa region (Veracruz, Mexico). Agro-Ecosystems, 1982, 8(2): 83-124.

[3] 陈念平. 土地资源承载力若干问题浅析. 自然资源学报, 1989, 4(4): 372-380.

[4] 封志明. 区域土地资源承载能力研究模式雏议: 以甘肃省定西县为例. 自然资源学报, 1990, 5(3): 271-283.

[5] Fearnside M P. Estimation of human carrying capacity in rainforest areas. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1990, 5(6): 192-196.

[6] 《中国土地资源生产能力及人口承载量研究》课题组. 中国土地资源生产能力及人口承载量研究. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 1991: 4.

[7] 陈百明. “中国土地资源生产能力及人口承载量”项目研究方法概论. 自然资源学报, 1991, 6(3): 197-205.

[8] Kessler J J. Usefulness of the human carrying capacity concept in assessing ecological sustainability of land-use in semi-arid regions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1994, 48(3): 273-284.

[9] 王书华, 毛汉英. 土地综合承载力指标体系设计及评价: 中国东部沿海地区案例研究. 自然资源学报, 2001, 16(3): 248-234.

[10] Thapa B G, Paudel S G. Evaluation of the livestock carrying capacity of land resources in the Hills of Nepal based on total digestive nutrient analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000, 78(3): 223-235.

[11] 王顺久, 杨志峰, 丁晶. 关中平原地下水资源承载力综合评价的投影寻踪方法. 资源科学, 2004，26(6):104-110.

[12] 孙清元, 刘承国, 冯春涛. 北京市地下水资源承载力评价及其开发利用对策研究: 主成分分析方法在承载力评价中的应用实证. 中国国土资源经济, 2007,20(9):21-24.

[13] 张瑜英, 李占斌. 基于生态足迹模型的陕西省生态承载力定量评估. 干旱区资源与环境, 2007, 21(1): 6-11.

[14] 蓝丁丁, 韦素琼, 陈志强. 城市土地资源承载力初步研究: 以福州市为例. 沈阳师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2007, 25(2): 252-256.

[15] 熊利亚, 夏朝宗, 刘喜云, 等. 基于RS和GIS的土地生产力与人口承载量: 以向家坝库区为例. 地理研究, 2004, 23(1): 10-18.

[16] Haraldsson V H, ?魷lafsdóttir R. A novel modeling approach for evaluating the preindustrial natural carrying capacity of human population in Iceland. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 372(1): 109-119.

[17] 原华荣, 周仲高, 黄洪琳. 土地承载力的规定和人口与环境的间断平衡. 浙江大学学报:人文社会科学版, 2007, 37(5): 114-123.

[18] 张月平, 刘友兆, 毛良祥, 等. 根据承载力确定土地资源安全度: 以江苏省为例. 长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(4): 328-332.

[19] Knaap G, Moore T. Land supply and infrastructure capacity monitoring for smart urban growth. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Working Paper， 2000.

[20] 朱农, 王冰. 三峡库区奉节县土地承载力与移民安置. 长江流域资源与环境, 1996, 5(3): 210-214.

[21] 李亚, 叶文, 南凌, 等. 昭通盆地土地承载力与城市建设适宜性研究. 云南师范大学学报, 1999, 19(6): 66-70.

[22] Paul W. Monitoring and simulating land capacity at the parcel level. In: Moudon V A, Hubner M. Monitoring land supply with geographic information systems: theory, practice and parcel-based approaches. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2000.

[23] 赵鑫, 刘平, 曾灿. 小城镇不同空间发展模式的土地承载指数分析. 安徽农业科学, 2007, 35(22): 6837-6840.

[24] 肖炳成. 试论城市地质环境承载力. 中国地质, 1990(1):19.

[25] Ehrlich R L, Scott A E, Steele M S, et al. Maryland Department of Planning. Final report of the development capacity task force. 2004-07-01
[2009-05-10]. http://www.mdp.state.md.us/pdf/OurWork/dev_cap/DCTF-Final.pdf.

[26] 刘志硕, 申金升, 张智文, 等. 基于交通环境承载力的城市交通容量的确定方法及应用. 中国公路学报, 2004, 17(1): 70-74.

[27] 毕东苏, 郑广宏, 顾国维, 等. 城市生态系统承载理论探索与实证: 以长江三角洲为例. 长江流域资源与环境, 2005, 14(4): 465-469.

[28] 杨志峰, 胡廷兰, 苏美蓉. 基于生态承载力的城市生态调控. 生态学报, 2007, 27(8): 3224-3231.

[29] 孙莉, 吕斌, 胡军. 中原城市群城市承载力评价研究. 地域研究与开发, 2008, 27(3): 16-20.

[30] 中国城市承载力及其危机管理研究课题组. 中国城市承载力及其危机管理研究报告. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2008: 1.

[31] 孟旭光, 吕宾, 安翠娟. 应重视和加强土地承载力评价研究. 中国国土资源经济, 2006(2): 38-40.

[32] 曹月娥, 塔西甫拉提·特依拜, 杨建军, 等. 新疆土地利用总体规划中的区域资源环境承载力分析. 干旱区资源与环境, 2008, 22(1): 44-49.

[33] 王辉, 林建国, 周佳明. 城市旅游环境承载力的经济学模型建立与分析. 大连海事大学学报, 2006, 32(3):8-21.

[34] 徐琳瑜, 杨志峰, 李巍. 城市生态系统承载力理论与评价方法. 生态学报, 2005, 25(4): 771-777.

[35] 侯德劭, 晏克非, 柳伍生. 基于遗传算法的停车约束下城市路网承载力分析模型. 计算机应用, 2008, 28(4): 1074-1077.

[36] 余旭升. 土地资源人口承载量的预测及其在人地关系研究中的意义: 以江苏省滨海、苏州为例. 自然资源学报, 1991, 6(2): 118-127.

[37] Clarke P. Development Plans Forum:Warwickshire Association of Planning Officers in UK. Framework for urban capacity in Coventry, Solihull & Warwickshire. May, 2002. http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/Web/corporate/pages.nsf/Links/1BBAB2F8CA32E54B80256F20004CDF36/$file/Urban+Capacity.pdf.

[38] 刘徐洪. 城市土地资源承载力初步研究: 以广州市为例//刘彦随.中国土地资源战略与区域协调发展研究. 北京: 气象出版社, 2006: 70-74.

[39] Knaap G J. Toward Model Statutes for the land-Use Element: An Assessment of Current Requirements and Practice, in Modernizing State Planning Statutes. Planning Advisory Report Number 480/481. Chicago: American Planning Association, 1998.

[40] Portland Metro. Urban Growth Report: Final Draft. Portland, Oregon, 1997.

[41] Knaap G J. Letter to Lydia Neill, in peer review report. Portland: Metro Growth Management Services Department, 1998.

[42] Waddell Paul. UrbanSim: Modeling urban development for land use, transportation, and environmental planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 2002, 68(3): 297.

[43] 谭文垦, 石忆邵, 孙莉. 关于城市综合承载能力若干理论问题的认识. 中国人口资源与环境, 2008, 18(1): 40-44.

[44] Onishi T. A capacity approach for sustainable urban development: An empirical study. Journal of Region Study Association, 1994, 28 (1): 39-51.

[45] Oh K, Jeong Y, Lee D, et al. An integrated framework for the assessment of urban carrying capacity. Journal of Korea Planning Association, 2002, 37(5): 7-26.

[46] Oh K, Jeong Y, Lee D, et al. Determining development density using the urban carrying capacity assessment system. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2005, 73(1): 1-15.

[47] 赵淑芹, 王殿茹. 我国主要城市辖区土地综合承载指数及评价. 中国国土资源经济, 2006(12): 24-27.

[48] 吕宝, 王成端, 周亚红. 绵阳市土地资源承载力研究. 合肥工业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2007, 30(4): 489-493.

[49] 汤日红, 安裕伦, 张美玲. 基于3S技术和AHP的贵阳市土地综合承载力研究. 长江流域资源与环境, 2007, 16(增刊2): 158-163.

[50] 张虎, 曾璐. 城市可持续发展评价模型的定量研究. 价值工程, 2006(11): 5-9.

[51] Maryland Department of Planning, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, National Center for Smart Growth Research and Education in University of Maryland. Estimating residential development capacity: A guidebook for analysis and implementation in Maryland. August 2005.

[52] 岳晓燕, 宋伶英. 土地资源承载力研究方法的回顾与展望. 水土保持研究, 2008, 15(1): 254-258.

[53] Kerrier District Council. Assessment of land for urban extensions. July 2008.

[54] 北京市人民政府. 北京城市总体规划(2004-2020).

[55] 山东省建设厅. 山东半岛城市群总体规划(2004-2020).

[56] 上海市人民政府. 上海市城市总体规划(1999-2020).

[57] GB/T 50280-1998 城市规划基本术语标准.

[58] 杜宇. 建设部: 城市规划要着重研究城市综合承载能力.新华网北京,2005-1-23
[2009-05-15]. http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2005-01/23/content_2496558.htm.

[59] 中国城市科学研究会. 宜居城市科学评价标准. 2007.

[60] 中国科学技术协会. 中国城市承载力及其危机管理研究报告. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2007: 10.

[61] 罗贞礼. 土地承载力研究的回顾与展望. 资源论坛，2005, 2(2): 25-27.