基于产权经济学“交易费用”理论的生态补偿机制建设

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态补偿是调整损害与保护生态环境主体间利益关系的一种制度安排,也是保护生态环境的有效激励机制.基于对生态补偿等资源环境领域“公共品”和“外部性”的传统认识,相比国外,国内目前相关实践和研究尚处于政府主导的公共性转移支付阶段.随着交通通讯的发展、生态消费理念的兴起和社会支付意愿的增强,生态旅游等市场化消费方式日趋增多,生态产权交易制度日趋成熟和完善,生态服务市场价值实现的交易成本也逐渐降低.因此,生态补偿应针对不同生态系统和生态服务类型属性,以产权经济学“交易费用”理论为依据,逐步推进市场化制度体系建设.对案例的搜集分析、土地管理等相关制度的深入及社区参与的跟踪,有助于该领域机制研究的深化.

关键词: 交易费用, 生态补偿, 市场化, 制度体系

Abstract:

The critical issue of eco-compensation is to build mechanisms for protecting environment and ecosystem by adjusting the economical relationship between the stakeholders who damaged and supported ecosystem services. Focusing on the definition, the purpose, the payment terms and the criterion of eco-compensation, many research papera have been published. Up to now, foreign researchers are more interested in the eco-compensation participated with local residents and running by market-based mechanism. Compared to the international progress, based on the traditional knowledge according to theory of "public goods" by Samuelson P and "externality" by Pigou C, domestic practice in natural resources and environment management is currently still in the government-led phase, and also, the hot pot of eco-compensation research is in financial transfer payments by central governments such as returning cropland to forest project, prohabiting over-grazing and natural forest protection. However, with the development of transportation and communication, the rise of the social concept for ecological payments, the growing ecological consumption such as eco-tourism, and the formation of institutional system of ecological property rights, the transaction costs of ecological services trading is gradually reducing and the eco-compensation market is getting matured. According to different types of ecosystems and ecosystem services, based on the "transaction cost" theory by Course R H in the economics of property rights, the feasibility and the patterns of ecosystem services trading were discussed for establishing a market-oriented compensation system. In this system, regional ecosystem was classified into three types according to the major services of the society-nature conservation areas. Meanwhile, the compensation manners were listed and grouped by three principals of developing the existing market for compensating the ecosystem output services, bundling compensation for the intangible services, and seeking diverse operations for ecosystems mainly providing non-material services. In the future research, attentions should be paid to case studies on land management and community participation.

Key words: compensation system, ecological compensation, market-oriented, transaction costs

冯凌. 基于产权经济学“交易费用”理论的生态补偿机制建设[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010, 29(5): 515-522.

FENG Ling. Building Market-oriented Mechanisms for Ecological Compensation: Based on the Theory of "Transaction Costs"[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2010, 29(5): 515-522.

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