干旱对陆地生态系统水碳过程的影响研究进展

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2006.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球气候变化与生态系统研究领域中，干旱对生态系统水碳过程的影响越来越受到重视。在植物个体水平上，干旱会引起植物叶片气孔导度降低，溶质含量增加，叶片变厚、地下生物量比例增加等以减少水分损失。与此同时，植物叶片的光合速率也因气孔导度的降低而下降。适度的干旱通常会使植物利用效率得到提高。不同植物具有不同的水分利用策略，它们的生理和形态特征对干旱的响应表现出显著的差异性; 在群落或生态系统水平上，干旱会影响群落冠层的生理特性以及群落的结构组成，从而引起生态系统的水碳循环过程的改变。主要体现为植被的光合速率、呼吸速率、蒸腾速率降低，而生态系统的水分利用效率在极端干旱条件下也可能降低。受干旱影响，植物群落耐旱植物所占比例增加，群落的物种多样性和生产力也会降低。尽管目前有关干旱对生态系统水碳过程影响在各个层面都已涉及，但这些研究内容多是彼此孤立的，为了深入认识生态系统对干旱的响应机理，还需要结合多种技术手段，综合考虑生态系统水循环、碳循环、氮循环等多过程间的耦合关系，并建立生态系统不同层次间和时间尺度间机理联系的理论体系。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 气候变化, 水分利用效率, 水循环, 碳循环

Abstract:

In the background of global climate change, the effect of drought on ecosystem structure and function has been paid more and more attention to. In this paper, for the purpose of presenting approaches to elucidate the mechanism of drought effects on ecosystem processes, we reviewed the effects of drought on carbon/water processes at individual level and community level. At the individual level, drought can make plant change its physiological and morphological traits to conserve water, such as decreasing stomata conductance, increasing solute content, changing stomata density and size, increasing specific leaf area and belowground biomass allocation, etc. In addition, different plants have different water - use strategies. Their physiological and morphological traits responding to drought are apparently distinct. At the community level, similarly, drought can change vegetations physiology and structure, such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, water use efficiency, biodiversity, productivity et al. Despite that most aspects of drought effects on ecosystem are included in current studies, they are isolated from each other. To fully understand how ecosystem responds to drought, it is essential to combine all methods available, to synthetically study the processes coupling with each other (e.g. carbon cycle, water cycle and nitrogen cycle), and to construct a theoretical system to connect different time scales ( from minute to decade) and levels (from leaf to ecosystem).

Key words: carbon cycle, global climate change, water cycle, water stress, water use efficiency

中图分类号:

P467

胡中民,于贵瑞,樊江文,温学发. 干旱对陆地生态系统水碳过程的影响研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2006, 25(6): 12-20.

HU Zhongmin,YU Guirui,FAN Jiangwen,WEN Xuefa. Effects of Drought on Ecosystem Carbon and Water Processes: a Review at Differ ent Scales[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2006, 25(6): 12-20.

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