全球环境变化与人类健康

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2006.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球环境变化与人类健康研究是目前地球系统科学研究关注的热点问题之一，引起了越来越多机构和科学家的重视，并且已取得了一定的研究成果。本文介绍了全球环境变化研究的内容和意义及目前全球环境变化的研究体系;总结了在全球气候变化、臭氧层损耗、生物多样性的丧失、土地荒漠化和干旱、环境污染、全球化以及城市化等多方面给人类健康带来的影响;概括了目前关于全球环境变化与人类健康研究的热点领域以及我国开展全球环境变化与健康研究的主要问题。

关键词: 气候变化, 全球环境变化, 人类健康

Abstract:

Today's Global Environmental Change caused by massive human pressures on natural systems has significant and wide impacts on human health. There is much contemporary discussion on "global environmental change"(GEC), which is not only "climate change", but refers to human-induced changes in the large-scale biophysical and ecological systems that comprise the earth's life-support systems. Many world organizations and scientists follow the request of the research on "Health and Environment", and have some conclusions on eliminating or alleviating the potential adverse health effects caused by environmental change. This paper introduces the content and the framework of environmental change and human health research within ESSP, composed of WCPR, IGBP, DIVERSITAS and IHDP, and based on the question of how global environmental changes might affect human health. It summarizes the impacts on human health brought by the following seven aspects: climate change, ozone depletion, biodiversity lose, land desertification and drought, environmental pollution, globalization, and urbanization. However, recent research activities are most fully developed in relation to climatic influences on human health. How policymakers should make decisions, which would focus on preventing adverse health effects of the environmental changes without impeding the economic development, is another hot topic, especially in developing countries. The poor, the elder, the ill, and the children are the vulnerable population to the environmental change. Implementation of policies for dealing with any adverse impacts on human health would be helpful to cope with any adverse impacts of environmental change. As an example, the challenge for China on the "Human Health and Environmental Change" is explained at the end of the paper. With global environmental change, there is an urgent need to understand the possible consequences for human societies, and scientific research would be effective against the most of potential adverse effects on health from global environmental change.

Key words: climate change, global environmental change, human health

中图分类号:

X144

程杨,杨林生,李海蓉. 全球环境变化与人类健康[J]. 地理科学进展, 2006, 25(2): 46-58.

CHENG Yang1,2, YANG Linsheng1, LI Hairong1. Global Environmental Change and Human Health[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2006, 25(2): 46-58.

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