开垦对高寒草甸土壤有机碳影响 的初步研究

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2005.06.007

地理科学进展 ›› 2005, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 59-65.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2005.06.007

开垦对高寒草甸土壤有机碳影响的初步研究

李月梅^1,3,4, 王跃思², 曹广民¹, 杜岩功¹

1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810001|
2. 中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京100029|
3. 青海省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所, 西宁 810016|
4. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039

收稿日期:2005-04-01 修回日期:2005-08-01 出版日期:2005-11-25 发布日期:2005-11-25
作者简介:李月梅(1974-),女,青海乐都人,助理研究员,在读硕士,主要从事土壤生态方面的研究。通讯作者：E-mail: Caogm@mail.nwipb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（40471133）；中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目——中国陆地和近海生态系统碳收支研究(KZCX1-SW-01)；中国科学院资源环境领域野外台站研究基金的支持。

Preliminary Research of Effect of Cultivation on Soil Organic Carbon in Alpine Meadow

LI Yuemei^1,3,4, WANG Yuesi², CAO Guangming¹, DU Yangong¹

1. Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001|
2. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029|
3. Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science|
4. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039

Received:2005-04-01 Revised:2005-08-01 Online:2005-11-25 Published:2005-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区，选择高寒草甸开垦后形成的一年生人工草地作为研究对象，开垦年限分别为0、1、11、16和20年，利用土壤有机碳密度分组法，进行了0~40cm土层土壤有机碳及不同组分（轻组有机碳，重组有机碳）含量及随开垦年限变化关系的研究。结果表明：高寒草甸开垦后其土壤有机碳的变化主要发生在0~10cm土层，土壤中SOC、LFOC和HFOC呈下降趋势，至20年时分别下降了10.5 %、26.7%、8.1 %，主要原因为当地较为强烈的风蚀作用、耕作侵蚀和开垦加剧了表层（0 ~10cm）土壤有机质的氧化分解，表层土壤中的粗有机物质在降水淋溶作用下，在土体下部重新淀积。而0 ~40 cm土体内，SOC、LFOC和HFOC略有增加，开垦20年，他们的累积速率分别为0.08 t C·hm-2·yr-1、0.07 t C·hm-2·yr-1、0.14 t C·hm-2·yr-1。人工草地长期种植虽然没有改变高寒草甸作为碳汇的基本功能，但却大大降低了其碳汇效应，植物-土壤系统年固定碳量由未开垦前的7.38t C·hm-2·yr-1下降至6.89 t C·hm-2·yr-1。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 开垦, 轻组有机碳, 土壤有机碳, 重组有机碳

Abstract:

This paper studies the effects of alpine meadow cultivated on soil organic carbon (SOC) using soil physical fraction to understand the stability of SOC at Haibei research station zone, CAS. The SOC contents and its fraction in soil physical fraction (light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) and Heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC)) in 0~40cm soil depth were investigated. The law of soil organic carbon changed with the cultivation year is studied synchronously. The artificial grassland was selected by different cultivation year(0, 1, 11, 16, 20 yr) after alpine meadow had been cultivated. The results showed that SOC, LFOC and HFOC only decreased in 0~10cm, and respectively, lost 10.97 %, 7.75 % and 7.4 % with 20 years of cultivation，which was mainly caused by wind erosion, tillage erosion and soil organic matter decomposition in 0~10cm after cultivation. The gross organic matter in 0~10cm leached with the rainwater to deposit in deeper horizon of soils. SOC, LFOC and HFOC increased in 0~40 cm soil depth, respectively, with the rate of 0.08 tC·hm-2·yr-1, 0.07 tC·hm-2·yr-1 and 0.14 tC·hm-2·yr-1 after conversion of alpine meadow to artificial grassland for 20 years. Furthermore, the results indicated that conversion of alpine meadow to artificial grassland did not affect the carbon sink function of alpine meadow, but the storage of carbon-fixed in the soil-plant systems decreased obviously compared to the alpine meadows: the rate ranged from 7.38 tC·hm-2·yr-1 to 6.89 tC·hm-2·yr-1。

Key words: alpine meadow, cultivation, heavy fraction organic carbon, light fraction, soil organic carbon

李月梅, 王跃思, 曹广民, 杜岩功. 开垦对高寒草甸土壤有机碳影响的初步研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(6): 59-65.

LI Yuemei, WANG Yuesi, CAO Guangming, DU Yangong. Preliminary Research of Effect of Cultivation on Soil Organic Carbon in Alpine Meadow[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2005, 24(6): 59-65.

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开垦对高寒草甸土壤有机碳影响的初步研究

Preliminary Research of Effect of Cultivation on Soil Organic Carbon in Alpine Meadow

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开垦对高寒草甸土壤有机碳影响 的初步研究

Preliminary Research of Effect of Cultivation on Soil Organic Carbon in Alpine Meadow

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开垦对高寒草甸土壤有机碳影响的初步研究