国外空间规划研究与实践的新动向 及对我国的启示

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2005.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空间规划是可持续发展必不可少的公共管理工具。20世纪90年代以来,人们认识到空间规划应该具有协调和整合空间发展的功能,而不仅仅是部门性的土地利用管理体系;应该关注地域的可持续发展,而不是一味地追求增长;应该关注不同利益人之间共识的形成,而不是简单地分析一定地域空间开发的适宜性和先后顺序。20世纪90年代以来国外空间规划实践的一些新动向： a) 重新分配空间规划的权利和职能; b)注重全纳性的参与; c) 重视空间规划的协调与整合; d)强化空间规划的环境维度; e)增强空间规划的灵活性。基于此对我国的空间规划实践得到几点启示： a)空间发展的战略框架和行动计划相结合; b)形成适合于我国的规划参与机制; c)在增强规划约束性的基础上增加灵活性; d)强化区域层次的空间规划; e)突出空间规划的公共管理职能。

关键词: 可持续发展, 空间规划, 全纳性参与, 全球化, 制度革新, 治理

Abstract:

Spatial planning is an essential tool for sustainable development, and will evolve as the social reality changes. After 1990s, rapid social and economic developments have made the world more complex and uncertain, and thus resulted in the evolvement of spatial planning. Criticism on rational planning and traditional spatial planning, advocacy of sustainable development strategy, and institutional reforms in economic, social and environmental management make people realize that spatial planning should be a strategic and holistic tool for space governance and sustainable development, rather than a departmental one for land use management; should focus on the building of consensus among different stakeholders, rather than analyzing the feasibility and seqence of space development; and should aim at development rather than economic growth. New trends of spatial planning in developed countries have been emerging since 1990s: a) redistributing powers and functions of spatial planning according to governance theory; b) inclusive participating in the whole process of spatial planning formation and implementation; c) stressing cooperation of departmental framework and integration of different scalar spatial planning resources and tools; d) emphasizing on integrating environmental concerns into spatial planning; and e) formulating more flexible spatial plans and bringing more flexibility to implementations of them. The inspirations to spatial planning practice in China are given as follows: a) harmonizing strategic frameworks and action schemes; b) formulating participation mechanisms relevant to China; c) paying great attention to flexibility of plans as well as to their binding characteristics; d) intensifying spatial planning in regional level; and e) highlighting the public management function of spatial planning, and integrating it with market instruments.

Key words: and inclusive participation, globalization, governance, institutional reform, spatial planning, sustainable development

张伟,刘毅,刘洋. 国外空间规划研究与实践的新动向及对我国的启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(3): 79-90.

ZHANG Wei, LIU Yi, LIU Yang. The New Trends of Spatial Planning Research and Practice in Developed Countries and Their Inspirations to China[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2005, 24(3): 79-90.

参考文献

[1] Albrechts, L, Healey, P. and Kunzmann, K.R. Strategic spatial planning and regional governance in Europe. Journal of America Planning Association, 2003, 69(2): 113~129.

[2] Healey, P. Collaborative planning. Hampshire: Macmillan Press Ltd. 1997, 9, 72~76,131~132, 177~186.

[3] Vigar, G., Healey, P., Hull, A. and Davoudi, S. Planning, governance and spatial strategy in Britain: an institutional analysis. Macmillan Press LTD, 2000.

[4] EC, The EU compendium of spatial planning system and policies, 1997.

[5] 仇保兴. 从法治的原则来看《城市规划法》的缺陷. 城市规划, 2002, 26(4): 11~14.

[6] Hall,P. Planning:Millennial retrospect and prospect. Progress in planning, 2002, 57(3~4): 63~84.

[7] 陆大道. 中国区域发展的新因素与新格局. 地理研究, 2003, 22(3): 261~271.

[8] Newman, P. Sustainability and planning of government(2004.11) http://www.sustainability.dpc.wa.gov.au/docs/SustainabilityandPlanning.pdf.

[9] Harris, N. Spatial development policies and territorial governance in an era of globalization and localization. In: OECD, Towards a new role for spatial planning, 2001, 33~53.

[10] Allmendinger, P., Prior, A. and Raemaekers, J. Introduction to planning practice. John Wiley & Sons,LTD, 2000, 9~19.

[11] Atsushi Koresawa and Josef Konvitz. Towards a new role for spatial planning. In: OECD,Towards a new role for spatial planning, 2001, 11~32.

[12] Danson, M., Halkier, H., and Cameron, G. Governance , institutional change and regional development. Ashgate, 2000, 8.

[13] Friedmann, J. and Weaver, C. Territorial and Function: the evolution of regional planning. London: Edward Arnold (Publisher) Ltd, 1979, 154.

[14] Healey, P. Towards a more place-focused planning system in Britain. In: Madanipour, A. Hull, A. and Healy, P. The Governance of Place: Space and Planning Processes . Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2001, 265~286.

[15] Wheeler, S.M. The new regionalism: key characteristic of an emerging movement. Journal of American Planning Association, 2002, 68(3): 267~278.

[16] Arbter, R. The Austrian spatial planning system. In: OECD.Towards a new role for spatial planning, 2001, 95~104.

[17] FAO/UNEP. The Future of Our Land: Facing the Challenge -- Guidelines for Integrated Planning for Sustainable Management of Land Resources, 1999.

[18] 蔡玉梅, 董祚继等. FAO土地利用规划研究进展综述. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(1): 70~78.

[19] Murdoch, J. and Abram, S. Rationalities of planning: development versus environment in planning for housing. Ashgate.2002, 14, 50~65.

[20] 仇保兴. 19 世纪以来西方城市规划理论演变的六次转折. 规划师, 2003, 19(11): 5~15.

[21] 马润潮. 西方经济地理学之演变及海峡两岸地理学者应有的认识. 地理研究, 2004, 23(5): 585~593.

[22] 刘卫东, 陆大道. 经济地理学研究进展. 中国科学院院刊. 2004, 19(1): 35~39.

[23] Allmendinger, P. Planning theory. Palgrave. 2002, 220.

[24] Tewdwr-Jones, M. and Allmendinger P. Conclusion: communicative planning and collaborative planning and the post-positivist planning theory landscape. In: Allmendinger, P. and Tewdwr-Jones, M. Planning future: new direction for planning theory. Routledge.2002, 206~215.

[25] Albrechts L. Strategic (spatial) planning reexamined. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2004, 31(5): 743~758.

[26] Healey, P. The communicative turn in planning theory and its implications for spatial strategy formation. Environment and Planning: planning and design, 1996, 23 (2): 217~234.

[27] Richard D. Margerum. Evaluating collaborative planning. Journal of American Planning Association,. 2002, 68(2):279~293.

[28] 方创琳. 国外区域发展规划的全新审视及对中国的借鉴. 地理研究, 1999, 18(1): 7~16.

[29] Frank, J.C, Allen, G.N, Ashok K.D, et al. Currents of change: urban planning and regional development. In: Allen, G, et al. Regional development and planning for the 21st century. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998, 1~18.

[30] Cullingrowth, B and Roger W.C. Planning in the America. New York and London, Routlege, 2003, 20.

[31] Hiller, J. Shadows of Power: An Allegory of Prudence in Land-use Planning. London: Routledge, 2002, 5.

[32] EC, The EU compendium of spatial planning system and policies: France, 1999.

[33] EC, The EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies: The Netherlands, 1999.

[34] King, P, Annandale, D. and Bailey, J. Integrated economic and environmental planning in Asia: a review of progress and proposals for policy reform. Progress in Planning, 2003, 59 (4) : 233~315.

[35] Uitermark, J. Re-scaling, ‘scale fragmentation’ and the regulation of antagonistic relationships. Progress in Human Geography, 2002, 26(6): 743~765.

[36] Shaw, D., Roberts, P. and Walsh J. Regional Planning and Development in Europe. Ashgate, 2000.

[37] Making space, sharing space: Fifth National Policy Document on Spatial Planning 2000~2020.

[38] EC,The EU compendium of spatial planning system and policies: Germany, 1999.

[39] Gleesona, B, and Low, N. Revaluing planning Rolling back neo-liberalism in Australia. Progress in Planning, 2000, 53(2): 83~164.

[40] 毛汉英. 日本第五次全国综合开发规划的基本思路及对我国的借鉴意义. 世界地理研究, 2000, 9(3): 105~112.

[41] 段进. 关于我国城市规划体系结构的思考. 规划师, 1999, 15(4): 13~18.

[42] 何奇松. 当前城市规划体系存在的缺陷及对策. 城市开发, 2003, 92(8): 18~21.

[43] 崔功豪. 当前城市与区域规划问题的几点思考. 城市规划, 2002. 26(2): 40~42.