地理科学进展

地理科学进展 ›› 2004, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 50-57.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2004.03.007

• 土地利用与节水农业 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于农户利用目标的集约化农区土地利用 驱动机制分析——以河北省曲周县为例

孔祥斌1, 张凤荣1, 齐 伟2   

  1. 1. 中国农业大学土地资源与管理系,北京 100094;
    2. 山东农业大学土地资源与管理系,泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2003-12-01 修回日期:2004-03-01 出版日期:2004-05-25 发布日期:2004-05-25
  • 作者简介:孔祥斌(1969-),男,河北省承德市人,博士,副教授。主要研究方向是土地资源可持续利用和土地资源评价。E-mail:kxbin1@263.net,kxb@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    北京市自然科学基金重点项目,北京山区土地利用变化规律及持续利用模式研究(6031001)支持。

The Driving Forces of Land Use in Intensive Agricultural Region Based on the Behavior of Household ——A Case Study in Quzhou County in Hebei Province

KONG Xiangbin1, ZHANG Fengrong1, QI Wei2   

  1. Dept. of Land Resources and Management, CAU, Beijing 100094, China;2． Dept. of Land Resources and Management, SDAU, Tai’an 271018, China
  • Received:2003-12-01 Revised:2004-03-01 Online:2004-05-25 Published:2004-05-25

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摘要：

发展经济学和农户微观行为理论对农户土地利用目标的机理分析表明，农户在不同阶段土地利用目标的差异，其发展必然经历追求粮食产量最大化、产量与利润最佳化、利润最大化三个阶段。在第一阶段，土地利用变化的形式表现为土地的用途转换，既边际土地向耕地转移，耕地面积不断扩大，但是土地产出能力却很低。第二个阶段，农户对土地的利用目标，既考虑家庭需要，又考虑投入和产出的关系，此时表现在土地利用上，就是在稳定粮食生产的基础上，寻求利润最大化，土地利用就会向高效益的经济作物转移，促进种植结构的调整。第三阶段，经济发展水平进一步提高，劳动力机会成本增加，土地向利润最大化转移。在耕地内部，粮食生产如果没有规模，轻者会导致投入的降低，重者会导致土地的荒芜。实证分析表明曲周目前处在第二个阶段，表现为粮食产量的提高和大量物质投入的增加，随着追求利润的阶段发展，投入比重必然会向经济作物转移。

关键词: 集约化农区, 农户行为, 土地利用

Abstract:

The corn yield has much more relationship with the economic development， which will experience the period from low to high; and after the peak， it will become low. Households have different land use aims in different phases, showing the food first， the optimum of food and profit and profit ultimately. The food value of the land is super to any other land value to meet the food requirements of the family at the first phase. Household have no other means of production but the labour force. Household will introduce such extensive methods as increasing the sown area， reclaiming the margin arable land and decreasing the substance input. The main types of conversion is the land from the margin land to arable land; household will abandon the arable land to reclaim other margin land when they think the output of land is below the labor input. Households will keep the balance of food demand and the money pursuit at the second phase, in which they demand not only the food security but the money profit. Households will arrange the means of production such as labour forces， money and different proportion of land.And that leads to the increase of output ， the substitution of input and the increase of the economic cropping area . With the development of economic level， the cost of labor forces will increase. Households will make good use of the means of production. According to the return of different land use types, different land use types will keep balance under the conditions of equilibration of margin input and margin output; if not， transformation will occur. The arable land is maybe transformed into construction land. If the scale of food land is small， household will decrease the input or abandon the land to some extent. According to our analysis， households are experiencing the second phase in which they have enough food and work hard to make more money.

Key words: behavior of household, driving forces, intensive agricultural region, land use change