地理科学进展 ›› 2004, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 97-106.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2004.02.012

• 生态与环境效应 • 上一篇    下一篇

城市景观及其格局的生态效应研究进展

宋治清, 王仰麟   

  1. 北京大学环境学院,北京100871
  • 收稿日期:2003-12-01 修回日期:2004-01-01 出版日期:2004-03-25 发布日期:2004-03-25
  • 作者简介:宋治清(1976-),女,陕西汉中人,博士研究生。主要从事景观生态与土地利用研究。E-mail:suchking@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(40071041)

Progress in Research on Ecological Impact of Urban Landscape Structure

SONG Zhiqing, WANG Yanglin   

  1. College of Environmental Sciences, PKU, Beijing 100871
  • Received:2003-12-01 Revised:2004-01-01 Online:2004-03-25 Published:2004-03-25

摘要:

城市景观是深受人类活动影响的景观类型,同时城市生态系统也深深地刻上了人类影响的烙印。随着人类社会日益城市化,未来的景观将越来越强烈地受到人类经济、社会活动的改造。人类活动一方面可以直接作用于城市生态系统,另一方面,更广泛而深远的影响却是通过城市景观格局和土地利用方式改变区域物质能量流,进而影响区域生态过程,这种城市景观通过空间格局对生态系统特征和过程造成的影响,可以称之为城市景观的生态效应。本文考察了中外学者近年来就城市景观的生态效应所作的理论和实证研究,包括景观要素与格局及土地利用/土地覆被对城市动植物群落、气候、水文、土壤等造成的影响。作者通过评述近年来城市景观及其格局的生态效应研究进展,认为尽管目前对景观格局及其生态过程的结合尚未完善,但已经有越来越多的研究者注意到这个问题,并通过在不同尺度、不同切入点的实证研究,为建立城市景观格局与生态过程的有机结合提供基础。这些研究的结论及其所揭示的规律将作为城市空间规划与管理的依据,推动城市和人类-自然系统的可持续发展。

关键词: 城市景观, 景观格局, 生态效应, 土地利用/土地覆被

Abstract:

As human society being rapidly urbanized, the future of most landscapes is increasingly being determined by human activities. These activities modify existing landscape patterns and processes either deliberately or inadvertently. It is becoming increasingly apparent that an understanding of these landscape level patterns and processes is essential for rational land use planning and management as well as for production and biodiversity conservation. This paper aims at introducing the progress in research on ecological impact of urban landscape structure through the best available and current literatures, foreign and domestic. According to those studies, ecosystems are impacted by the urban landscape in two aspects: landscape pattern and landuse/landcover. Based on the overview of recent studies, it can be argued that, to get a high-quality urban life and to improve natural environments, the distributions of landscape pattern are required to be integrated with its functions.

Key words: ecological impact, landscape pattern, landuse/landcover, urban landscape