诗歌中物候记录的基本特征及用于历史气候重建的处理方法

刘亚辰, 方修琦, 陶泽兴, 戴君虎

Basic features of phenological records in poetry and their usage for reconstructing past climate change

Yachen LIU, Xiuqi FANG, Zexing TAO, Junhu DAI

表1 诗歌中物候记录对季节的指示举例

Tab.1 Examples of indicating seasons by phenological records from poems

季节 物候现象 诗歌举例 春季 杨柳发芽 “垂柳万条丝,春来织别离”a、“万条垂下绿丝绦······二月春风似剪刀”b、“红酥手,黄滕酒,满城春色宫墙柳”c 燕始见 “新燕弄初调,杜鹃竞晨鸣”d、“几处早莺争暖树,谁家新燕啄春泥”e、“春色遍芳菲,闲檐双燕归”f 夏季 蝉初鸣 “林鹊初改调,林中夏蝉鸣”g、“微月初三夜,新蝉第一声”h、“六月初七日,江头蝉始鸣”i 荷花盛开 “燎沉香,消溽暑······水面清圆,一一风荷举”j、“毕竟西湖六月中·····映日荷花别样红”k、“荷叶五寸荷花娇······相到薰风四五月”l 秋季 菊花盛开 “春兰兮秋菊,长无绝兮终古”m、“待到秋来九月八,我花开后百花杀”n、“故园三径吐幽丛······尽借篱落看秋风”o 雁离去 “金河秋半虏弦开,云外惊飞四散哀”p、“何处秋风至,萧萧送雁群”q、“今年寒到江乡早,未及中秋见雁飞”r 冬季 梅花盛开 “秋桂月中藏影,冬梅雪里飘香”s、“地暖犹闻桂,冬深未见梅”t、“一枝梅笑破严冬,残腊新春气候参”u 初雪 “凄凄岁暮风,翁聆经日雪”v、“岁暮阴阳催短景,天涯霜雪霁寒宵”w、“帘外雪初飘,翠幌香凝火未消”x